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Anatomy > Evans_Lower Extremity Muscles > Flashcards

Evans_Lower Extremity Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Maximus

largest extensor of thigh

A

O: posterior sacrum, posterior ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament

I: Upper Fibers- Iliotibial tract

LF- Gluteal Tuberosity of femur

A: extension of femur, external rotation of femur UF: abduction of hip LF: adduction of hip

N: inferior gluteal nerve

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2
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

(great or posterior sacrosciatic ligament) is situated at the lower and back part of the pelvis. It is flat, and triangular in form; narrower in the middle than at the ends connects at the ischial tuberosity

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3
Q

Iliotibial tract

A

aka IT band

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4
Q

innervation

A

excitation: the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland

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5
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae

A

Hip flexor O: ASIS- anterior superior iliac spine

I: Iliotibial tract (it band)

A: Abduction, flexion, and internal rotation fo femur

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6
Q

Obturator Internus

A

O: inner surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundraires I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter A: External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip hockey stick with how it wraps around the

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7
Q

Gemelli

A

O:Superior: ischial spine Inferior: ischial tuberosity

I: Medial surface of the greater trochanter

A: External rotation, adduction, and extension of the hip (also, may do abduction - depends on joint position) one above and one below the obturator internus

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8
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

O: posterior surface of ilium (between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines) I: Greater trochanter of femur (lateral surface) A: Abduction Anterior Fibers: flexion and internal rotation Posterior fibers: extension and external rotation

N: superior gluteal nerve

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9
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

O: Posterior ilium (below the origin of gluteus medius) I: Greater trochanter of femur ( anterolateral surface) A: Abduction Anterior Fibers: flexion and internal rotation PF: extension and external rotation (not much)

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10
Q

anterolateral

A

both anterior and lateral

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11
Q

piriformis

A

O: pelvic surface of sacrum

I: apex of the greater trochanter of the femur

A: External roatation, abduction and extension of the hip

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12
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

O: Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

I:Intertrochanteric crest of the femur

A: External roataion and adduction of the hip

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13
Q

iLiopsoas (psoas Major)

A

O: Superfical: T12-L4 and associated IVD Deep: L1-L5 transverse processes of vertebrae I: Lesser trochantr of femur A: HIP joint: flexion, external roation of femur Lumbar Spine: unilateral contraction bends the trunk laterally to the same side; bilateral contraction raises the trunk from the supine position

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14
Q

iLiopsoas (Iliacus)

A

O: Iliac fossa I: Lesser trochantr of femur A: HIP joint: flexion, external roation of femur Lumbar Spine: unilateral contraction bends the trunk laterally to the same side; bilateral contraction raises the trunk from the supine position

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15
Q

Iliac fossa

A

anetiro ear of the pelvis

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16
Q

Satorius

A

O: Anterior superior ilac spine

I: Upper medial shaft of tibia (together with gracilis & semitendinosus)

A: Hip Joint: flexion, abduction, external rotation Knee Joint: flexion internal rotation

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17
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris:

A

O: Anteror inferior iliac spine Upper margin of acetabulum

I: patella via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

A: Hip joint: flexion Knee Joint: extension

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18
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus medialis

A

O: Linea aspera (medial lip) of femur, intertrochanter line (distal part)

I: Patella via patellar ligament to tibial tuberostiy

A: extension of knee

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19
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

A

O: Linea aspera (lateral lip), lateral surface of greater trochanter

I: patella via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity

A: ext of knee

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20
Q

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus inter-medius

A

O: Anterior lateral femoral shaft I: patella via patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity A: ext of knee

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21
Q

vastus intermedius sits under rectus femoris

A

1

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22
Q

acetabulum

A

socket where femoral head sits

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23
Q

Pectineus

A

O: Pecten pubis

I: between lesser trochanter and linea aspera of posterior femur (pectineal line)

A. Hip joint: adduction and external rotation, some flexion Pelvis: stabilized in the sagittal and frontal planes

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24
Q

Adductor Longus

A

O: Superior pubic ramus and anterior side of pubic symphysis I:Femur( linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur) A: Hip Joint: adduction and flexion (up to 70%) extension (past 80% of flexion) Pelvis: stabilizes in the sagittal and frontal planes

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25
Q

pubic symphysis

A

anterior junction of pelvis

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26
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

O: Inferior pubic ramus I:Femur( linea aspera, medial lip in the middle third of the femur) A: Hip Joint: adduction and flexion (up to 70%) extension (past 80% of flexion)

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27
Q

Gracilis

A

O: inferior pubic ramus below the pubic symphysis

I: upper medial shaft of tibia (together with sartorius and semitendinosus)

A: Hip Joint: flexion and adduction Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

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28
Q

tibia vs fibia

A

tibia is medial and larger

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29
Q

Obturator Externus

A

O: Outer surface of the obturator membrane and its bony boundaries I: Trochanteric fossa of the femur A: Hip joint: adduction and external rotation Pelvis: stabilizes in the sagittal plane

30
Q

Adductor Magnus

A

O: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity I: deep part: medial lip of linea aspera of posterior femur Superficial part: adductor tubercle of medial femur A: Hip joint: adduction; superficial part can internally rotate of femur Deep fibers: flexion of femur superficial fibers extension of femur

31
Q

ramus

A

an arm or branch of a bone, in particular those of the ischium and pubes or of the jawbone.

32
Q

hip sections

A

ilium- superior most iliac- ear pubis- anterior ischium-posterior of pubis

33
Q

Biceps femoris

A

O: long head: ishcial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament SH: lateral lip of linea aspera

I: Head of femur

A: Long Head- Hip Joint: extension Knee joint: flexion and external rotation Sh: knee joint: flexion and external rotation

34
Q

Semitendinosus

A

O: Ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous lig. I: uppermedial shaft of tibai (together with sartorius and gracilis) A: Hip Joint: extension Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

35
Q

Semimembranosus

A

O: Ischail tuberosity I: posterior medial tibial condyle, oblique popliteal ligament, poplitius fascia A: Hip joint: extension Knee joint: flexion and internal rotation

36
Q

Popliteus

A

O: Lateral femoral condyle, posterior horn of lateral meniscus I: Posterior proximal tibial surface (above the origin of the soleus) A: knee flexion, tibial internal rotation

37
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

O: medial epicondyle of femur lateral epicondyle of femur I: calcaneus via tendo achillis A: plantarflexion of ankle, flexion of knee

38
Q

calcaneus

A

your heal

39
Q

Soleus

A

O: tibia fibula (posterior head and upper shaft) I: Calcaneus via tendo Achilis A:plantar flexion of ankle

40
Q

Plantaris

A

O: lateral epicondyle of femur I: calcaneus via tendo achillis A: negligible (plantarflexion of ankle flexion of knee)

41
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

O: posterior tibia fibula, and interosseous membrane I: navicular tuberosity, cuneforms (medial, middle, and lateral) 2nd and 4th metatarsals (bases) A: Talocural joint: plantarflexion subtalar joint: inversion supports the longitudinal and transverse arches

42
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

O: tibia (middle 1/3 of posterior surface) I: distal phalanx of 205 on plantar surface a: talocural joint: plantar flexion subtalar joint: inversion MTP and IP : flexion of 2-5th

43
Q

tib·i·a·lis

A

any of several muscles and tendons in the calf of the leg concerned with movements of the foot.

44
Q

interosseous membrane

A

An interosseous membrane is a broad and thin plane of fibrous tissue that separates many of the bones of the body. It is an important component of many joints.

45
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

O: Posterior (distal 2/3 fibula of posterior surface) and interosseus membrane

I: Phalanx of great toe (plantar surface)

A: Talocural joint: plantarfexion

Subtalar Joint: inversion MTP and IP joints: flexion of the great toe supports the medial longitudinal arch

46
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

O: Tibia (upper 2/3 of the lateral surface), interosseous membrane, andsuperficial crural fascia

I: Base of 1st metatarsal (medial) and medial and plantar surface of medial cuneform

A: talocrural joint: dorsiflexion

subtalar joint: inversion

N: deep peroneal

47
Q

dorsiflexion

A

the act of bending backwards

dorsiflexion

48
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

O: fibula(middle 1/3 of the medial surface), interosseous membrane

A: distal phlanx of the great toe

A: Talocrural joint: Dorsiflexion

Subtalar joint: active in both eversion and inversion depending on the intitial potistion of the foot

49
Q

Intertrochanteric

A
50
Q

acetabulum

A

where femur head sits

similiar to glenoid cavity

C shaped with inferior gap called acetabulum notch

*has acetabelum labrum

innermost is transverse acetabelum ligament

51
Q

Hip joint ligaments

* know where intertrochanteric line is. this ligaments attach here on femur

Inside is LIGAMENT OF HEAD OF FEMUR (LOOKS LIKE ARTERY OF HEAD OF FEMUR IS INSIDE THAT AND GOES TO OBTURATOR ARTERY)

A
  1. illiofemoral ligament (strongest in body, inverted Y shaped) attaches above ilium. prevents over extension.
  2. pubofemoral ligament- triangle shaped, limits extension and abduction
  3. ischiofemoral ligament: spiral shaped, limits extension. This is deep and posterior
52
Q
A
53
Q

peroneal aka

A

fibula

54
Q

Extensor digitorum Longus

A

O: fibula (head and medail surface); tibia (lateral condyle) and interosseous membrane

I: Base of the distal phalanges of 2-5th

A: talocrural joint: dorsiflexion

subtalar joint: eversion

MTP and IP joints: extends 2-5th

N: deep peroneal n.

55
Q

Peroneus Tertius

A
56
Q

Peroneus Longus

A
57
Q

Peroneus Brevis

A
58
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: anterior calcaneus

I: 2-4th toes (dorsal aponeuroses and bases of the middle phalanges)

A: extension of MTP and PIP joints of 2-4th toes

N: Deep peroneal

59
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A
60
Q

Abductor Hallucis

A
61
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle) , plantar aponeurosis

I: 2-5th toes (sides of middle phlanges

A: MTP and PIP joints: flexion of 2nd -5th supports the longitudinal arch

N: medial plantar

62
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

O: Calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle), plantar aponeurosis

I: 5th toe (base of proximal phalanx), 5th metatarsal (at tuberosity)

A:

Flexes the MTP joint of the 5th toe

Abducts the 5th toe

Supports the longitudinal arch

N: Lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

63
Q

Quadratus Plantae

A
64
Q

Lumbricals (for muscles

A

Lumbricals (four muscles)

Flexor digitorum longus tendons (medial borders)

2-5th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses)

Flexes the MTP joints of the 2-5th toes

Extension of the IP joints of the 2-5th toes

Adducts 2-5th toes toward the big toe

1st lumbrical: medial plantar n. (S2-S3)

2-4th lumbrical: lateral plantar n. (S2-S3)

65
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

A

O:

Cuboid, lateral cuneiforms, and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

I: 1st toe (at base of proximal phalanx via medial and lateral sesamoids

Action:

       Flexes the first MTP joint

Supports the longitudinal arch

Nerve:

Medial head: medial plantar n. (S1-S2)

Lateral head: lateral plantar n. (S1-S2)

66
Q

Abductor Hallacus

A

Origin:

Oblique head: 2nd to 4th metatarsals

Insert:

1st proximal phalanx (at base, by a common tendon viaa the lateral sesamoid)

Action:

Flexes the first MTP joint

    Adducts great toe

Transverse head: supports transverse arch

Oblique head: supports longitudinal arch

Nerve:

Lateral plantar n. deep branch (S2-S3)

Transverse head: MTP’s of 3ed to 5th toes, deep transverse metatarsal ligament

67
Q

flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

A

O:

5th metatarsal (base), long plantar ligament

I:

5th toe (base of proximal phalanx)

Action:

Flexes the MTP joint of the little toe

Nerve:

Lateral plantar n. superficial branch (S2-S3)

68
Q

Opponens Digiti Minimi

A

O:

Long plantar ligament; peroneus longus (at plantar tendon sheath)

I:

5th metatarsal

Action:

Flexes the MTP joint at the 5th toe

Pulls 5th metatarsal in plantar and medial direction (opposition)

Nerve:

Lateral plantar n. superficial branch (S2-S3)

69
Q

Plantar Interossei (3 muscles)

A

O:

3rd to 5th metatarsals (medial border)

I:

3rd to 5th toes (medial base of proximal phalanx)

A:

Flexes the MTP joints of the 3rd to 5th toes

Extension of IP joints of the 3rd to 5th toes

Adducts 3rd to 5th toes toward 2nd toe

N:

Lateral plantar n. (S2-S3)

70
Q

Dorsal Interosei (4 muscles)

A

O:

1st to 5th metatarsals (by two heads on opposing sides)

I:

1st interosseus: 2nd proximal phalanx (medial side)

2nd to 4th interossei: 2nd to 4th proximal phalanges (lateral base), 2nd to 4th toes (at dorsal aponeuroses)

A:

Flexes the MTP joints of 2nd to 4th toes

Extension of IP joints of 2nd to 4th toes

Abducts 3rd and 4th toes from 2nd toe

Lateral plantar n. (S2-S3)

71
Q

Pes Anserinus

All insert?:

A

lateral to medial

Sartorius

semitendinosus

Gracilis

All insert on tibia

Anatomy (11 decks)

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