Evaluation of PAP

Question 1

What affect does a warm-up have on subsequent explosive performance?

Answer 1

5-10%

An increase in 1 degree Celsius can have improvements on performance

Question 2

What is the relationship between PAP and fatigue interaction?

Answer 2

PAP decays slower
Fatigue decays quicker
So should warm-up then do PAP

Question 3

What are some of the reasons for fatigue?

Answer 3

1) Fuel depletion
2) Metabolic by-products
3) Thermoregulation (actin and myosin flop)
4) Reduced contractile elements

Question 4

What are some of the mechanisms associated with fatigue?

Answer 4

1) Increased sensitisation to phosphorylation on myosin light chains
2) Increase alpha motor neuron recruitment and reduced co-contractions (recruits larger MU’s)
3) Reduced angle of pronation (more pennated)

Question 5

What affect does increasing alpha motor neuron have on recruitment?

Answer 5

M-wave (amplitude)

H-reflex improvement (what comes back through the loop)

Question 6

What did Requena et al find about H-waves and the Renshaw Cell?

Answer 6

Large contractions - move out of the H-wave and reduces the Renshaw’s ability to inhibit neuron recruitment

Question 7

How does pennation angle affect force production?

Answer 7

Straight fibres = more force transfer = explosive strength

Pennated = more velocity based

Question 8

How does an increased sensitisation to phosphorylation on myosin light chains affect contractions?

Answer 8

• if you reduce phosphate = cannot contract well due to binding sites not acting properly
• calcified = they over contract
• PAP tries to optimise this balance of Ca and Pi

Question 9

How does muscle fibre type affect contractions?

Answer 9

High responders to electrical stimulation had high % of Type II muscle fibres

Question 10

What are some of the methods in which to elicit PAP?

Answer 10

Vibration plates
Isometric (electric/voluntary)
Dynamic (plyometrics)

Question 11

What are some of the methodological factors of PAP?

Answer 11

Participant Characteristics
Recovery Duration
Study Design
Activation method volume and intensity

Question 12

Why must there be exclusions on meta-analysis?

Answer 12

Must have control participants
Fibre type and training history dictates PAP
Weaker = early potentiation
Trained = later potentiation

Question 13

What multiplier is back squat 1RM to weight found?

Answer 13

1.6:1 for back squat:body weight