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10th Grade History (non-final) > European Explorers > Flashcards

European Explorers Flashcards

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1
Q

Main Idea

A

Driven by the desire for wealth and Christian converts, Europeans began an age of exploration

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2
Q

Relevance

A

European exploration was an important step toward the global interaction that characterizes the world today.

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3
Q

Caravel

A

Ship used by explorers with shallow bottom-larger cargo area to bring food and bring back trades

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4
Q

Christopher Columbus main achievement

A

sailed across Atlantic in search of western sea passage to India

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5
Q

Christopher Columbus nickname

A

Admiral of Ocean Seas

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6
Q

Christopher Columbus goals

A

Convert natives to claim land and find western passage to India

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7
Q

Why explore?

A

Triple G’s-God, Gold, Glory

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8
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, and diseases between the Americas and the Old World in the 15th and 16th after Columbus’s voyage

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9
Q

What led to E exploration?

A

Crusades, invention of printing press, monarchs trying to increase wealth with new routes bc old routes are blocked by Muslims, and cartographic technological advances.

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10
Q

What was published by Greek cartographer Ptolemy? What was wrong with it and how was that fixed?

A

Guide to Geography-Europeans couldn’t read it and in Columbus time it was translated it to Latin

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11
Q

How might Columbus’s view of the Taino Indians have led to the Spanish thinking they could take advantage and impose their will on the natives?

A

Might’ve taken their generosity and naivete about the worth of the material goods they were given as an invitation to take whatever they wanted and probably assumed that the natives’ gentleness meant they were easily subdued.

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12
Q

Why were Native Americans called Indians? When did this happen?

A

Leaving Spain and landing in San Salvador in the Bahamas in Oct 1492, Columbus believed it to be India.

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13
Q

What did the nakedness of the Indians represent to Columbus?

A

Lack of culture

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14
Q

What led Columbus to begin exporting slaves? What did La Casas say about the enslavement of the Indians?

A

He wasn’t making money/he was angry

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15
Q

Aside from enslaving Indians, what does the La Casas source accuse Columbus of?

A

Pillaging

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16
Q

Where were the triple G’s at work in the story of Columbus and the Taino Indians?

A

His motives.

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17
Q

What supports the concept of Columbus as a hero?

A

Brave explorer who valiantly discovered New World/Western civ continues to reap benefits of his discovery and he provided opportunity for immigrants to thrive

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18
Q

Conquistadors

A

Spanish conquerors

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19
Q

Where did Spain carve out colonies building its American empire?

A

Mexico, South America, US

20
Q

Who were the first European settlers in the Americas?

A

Spain

21
Q

What religion were the Spanish?

A

Catholic

22
Q

What even more motivated Cortes to conquer the Aztecs once he was in the region’s interior?

A

Already seeking bc of Triple G’s/gold-he learned about the empire and how big/wealthy they were

23
Q

Where did Cortes eventually reach? Who did he meet there?

A

The capital, Tenochtitlan. Montezuma, the king.

24
Q

What did Montezuma give him? Why was this damaging?

A

Gold (disease of the heart only gold can cure.) Like giving an alcoholic vodka-would then chase after the rest.

25
Q

What did the picture show?

A

Worship of Cortes, Cortes’s weapons/armor/horses/cannon (evil/violence,) Christian symbols, afraid Aztec gods, and sharp contrast to white, civilized Spanish

26
Q

What happened when the Aztecs tried to get rid of the Spanish?

A

They struck back and conquered Aztecs in 1521, and several factors played a role in their victory.

27
Q

Why did Columbus leave?

A

Commissioned by king and queen

28
Q

What barbaric practice did the Aztecs maintain?

A

Human sacrifice

29
Q

Key motives for Europeans during age of exploration

A

Find new trade routes to Asia

30
Q

Threatening weapon of Aztecs

A

Moquahitol, made of obsidian glass.

31
Q

Strongest motive for encouraging E exploration and why

A

Es especially interested in spices from Asia

32
Q

What method did the Aztecs use to build themselves more land?

A

Built land on top of lake surrounding them

33
Q

Population of Tenochtitlan

A

1/4 million

34
Q

Transportation system for aztecs

A

canoes/canal

35
Q

Aztec achievements

A

calendar, medicine, poetry, music, drama

36
Q

What factors played a role in the Spanish victory over the Indians?

A

The Spanish had superior weapons (but the Aztecs believed their own weapons to be superior,) lack of immunities, belief that their gods were dead, and division among the ranks

37
Q

What dangerous disease was passed to the Aztecs?

A

Smallpox

38
Q

Francisco Pizzaro

A

Peru, 1532, Inca

39
Q

What did Pizzaro do when he got to Peru?

A

Kidnapped Atahualpa, the leader, and held him for ransom before killing him anyway.

40
Q

What was the area called after being conquered?

A

New Spain

41
Q

Peninsulares

A

Spanish settlers of Americas

42
Q

Creoles

A

American-born descendants of Spanish settlers

43
Q

Mestizo

A

offspring of Spanish men and native women

44
Q

Mulattoes

A

African/European descent

45
Q

Plan v. reality for encomienda/spanish missions

A

settlers care for and convert Indians and they’ll work for the settlers sometimes v. force long labor, no pay, don’t protect, seize lands, NAs die from disease and bad conditions

46
Q

Who contrasted the treatment @ Encomienda? What did he propose?

A

Las Casas went to the king and proposed the African slaves work instead

10th Grade History (non-final) (7 decks)

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