Europe Flashcards
north Atlantic drift
is a powerful warm western boundary current within the Atlantic Ocean that extends the Gulf Stream northeastward. that allowed people to do a lot of fishing.
monastery
a religious community where monks and nuns live, they pray there, they preserve knowledge there.
Charlemagne
he was the first emperor of the holy roman empire As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion which shaped Europe for centuries he was crowned king by pope Leo III and Charlemagne helped him, he was the person who brought feudalism to europe
holy roman empire
Holy Roman Empire was a title held first by Frankish and then by German kings for 10 centuries. The Holy Roman Empire existed from 800 to 1806. It was a confederation of small and medium-sized political entities.
Feudalism
the system of service between a lord and the vassals who have sworn loyalty to the lord; political order; under feudalism, nobles governed and protected the people in return for services.
Manorialism
Political, economic, and social system by which the peasants of medieval Europe were tied to their land and their lord through serfdom. The basic unit was the manor, a self-sufficient landed estate, or fief, under the control of a lord.
The Battle of Hastings/William The Conqueror
a king of England died without an heir and Harold Godwinson claimed the throne but William said that he was the rightful king of England. He recruited thousands of troops and got the popes support. In 1066 William and his soldiers advanced on Harold and his untrained peasants, they killed Harold and won the battle of Hastings. He became known as William the Conqueror.
papacy
the papacy constitutes the office of the pope, so basically the church.
monarch
a person who reigns over a kingdom or empire kings or queens
Magna Carta
the Magna carta was a document which placed limits on the kings power, Nobles met with King John and forced him to put his seal on it.
The Crusades
a holy war between Christians and Muslims over holy land
Pope Urban II
at the start of the crusades the Byzantine emperor asked pope Urban II for military aid to save his Christian empire from Muslim forces. the pope agreed to help and hoped that in return the Eastern Orthodox church would unite with the Roman Catholic church and make him the religious leader. He asked European nobles to begin a crusade..
Saladin
was a Muslim general who led the defeat of Europe during the second crusade
Richard I
King Richard I became the king of England after taking part in a revolt against his father King Henry II. his goal was to defeat Saladin, and regain control of Jerusalem. the Europeans were unable to achieve this goal. They signed a truce with Saladin that allowed Christians access to places they considered to be holy.
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. One of the most fatal pandemics in human history, as many as 50 million people perished, perhaps 50% of Europe’s 14th century population. Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and spread by fleas.
