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UNIT 2 Biology in depth > eukaryotic cells and organelles > Flashcards

eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

organelles in a EU vs PK

A

organelles in EU are membrane bound where in prokaryotes they are not bound by a membrane

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2
Q

where is dna found in a EU

A

the dna in a EU is enclosed in a nucleus

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3
Q

where is dna found in prokaryotic cell

A

free floating in the cytoplasm

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4
Q

dna is tightly wrapped around what protein in a eukaryotic cell

A

histsone

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5
Q

dna and histones form what?

A

chromatin

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6
Q

dna shape in eukaryotic cells

A

dna in EU is a linear molecule

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7
Q

what type of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell

A

80s

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8
Q

what is the cell wall made of in plant cells

A

beta glucose to form cellulose

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9
Q

describe the dna in prokaryotic cell

A

the dna is arranged in circular chromosomes with no free ends

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10
Q

what are plasmids

A

they are small loops of dna that are responsible for antibiotic resistance

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11
Q

what type of ribosomes in a prokaryotic cell

A

70 s

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12
Q

what is the cell wall made of in prokaryotes

A

muerin

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13
Q

what’s a slime capsule

A

to protect the PK from phagocytosis or to hydrate the cell

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14
Q

what’s pili

A

can attach to surfaces and transfer genetic material yo other PK

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15
Q

how do viruses reproduce

A

the can only reproduce in a host cell by using the host cell enzymes to reproduce

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16
Q

what does the attachment protein in a virus do

A

attach to host cell

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17
Q

what is the capsid in a virus

A

protein structure around the virus protecting the genetic material

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18
Q

do viruses contain dna or rna

A

both

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19
Q

what’s the nucleuses’ role with protein synthe sis

A

contains the instructions for encoding the amino acid sequence for that protein are contained within a gene . genes are apart of chromosomes found in the nucleus

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20
Q

what is transcription

A

the genetic information encoded by that gene is converted to mrNA which leaves the cell via nuclear pore

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21
Q

what is translation

A

now the ribosome read the information contained in the mrna and synthesis that protein molecule

22
Q

what happens to proteins that are secreted from cells

A

are translated on a ribosome attached to the RER and then to the golgi APP before leaving the cell

23
Q

nucleoplasm

A

contains molecules such as nucleotides and enzymes for dna and rna synthesis

24
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane that surrounds nucleus and consists of two phospholipid bilayers

25
Q

nuclear pore

A

to allow molecules to enter and leave cells

26
Q

where is the RER

A

continuous to the nucleus

27
Q

what is chromatin

A

dna and histones

28
Q

nucleolus

A

makes ribosomal rna

29
Q

protein destinations

A

cytoplasm organelles cell membrane or secreted from cells

30
Q

what is cisternae on a RER

A

sheets of membrane that form flattened sacs called cisternae

31
Q

function of cisternae on RER

A

contains enzymes

32
Q

what happens to proteins in the RER

A

are where translation takes place for proteins which are secreted from the cell

33
Q

what happens to proteins in golgi apparatus

A

packaged into vesickles and transported where thye need to be

34
Q

what does the SER do

A

is to make and store both lipids and carbohydrates

35
Q

what do lysosomes do

A

create digestive enzymes

36
Q

why has lysosomes got an acidic interior

A

optimum ph for enzymes

37
Q

what is the lysosomes role in phagocytosis

A

lysosomes fuse with the pahgosme and release hydrolytic enzymes which can destroy the pathogen

38
Q

how do lysosomes get read of dead or no longer functional proteins or cells

A

exocytosis

39
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

carries out aerobic respiration to produce atp

40
Q

what is the inner membrane space of a mitochondria called

A

matrix

41
Q

how does the cristae help the mitochondria’s function

A

increase surface area for enzymes needed to carry out aerobic respiration

42
Q

what is the chloroplasts function

A

photosynthesis

43
Q

where is chlorophyll found

A

in the thylakoids

44
Q

thylakoids are stacked to form what

A

granum

45
Q

the granum are connected by what

A

lamellae

46
Q

what is the stroma

A

where the light independent reactions take place

47
Q

what happens if the hydrostatic pressure in a plant cell is high

A

it pushes outwards

48
Q

cell wall function in plants

A

to keep the cell from bursting and maintaining hydrostatic pressure when water potential outside the cell is greater then inside

49
Q

over view: what is the function of the RER

A

folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosome

50
Q

over view: gologi

A

is processes and packages lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

51
Q

golgi vesicle over view

A

is stores and transports lipids or proteins made by the golgi apparatus out of the cell

UNIT 2 Biology in depth (12 decks)

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