Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms that contain a nuclear membrane that surrounds it’s genetic information
What are micro organisms in eukaryotes? (5)
Protozoa, fungi, algae, plants, and animals
What is the size of eukaryotes?
10-100um in diameter
What is the function of flagella?
Locomotion, movement
What surrounds the flagella?
Cytoplasmic membrane
What eukaryotic microorganism have flagella? (2)
Protozoa and algae
How many microtubules does flagella contain?
9+2 array
What is the function of cilia?
Moving foreign material
What eukaryotic microorganisms have cilia
Protozoa and animal cells
What is the cell wall in eukaryotes
Rigid polysaccharide
Are eukaryotes susceptible to pencilling and why?
No cause no peptidoglycan wall
What is the cell wall in plants
Cellulose
What is the cell wall in fungi
Chitin (NAG polymer )
What is the cell wall in yeast?
Glucan & mannan
What is the cell wall in Protozoa
Pellicle
What is glycocalyx in eukaryotes ?
Attaching cell walls
Strength membrane
Cell to cell recognition
What is the function plasma membrane in eukaryotes ?
External covering of the cell
What materials does the plasm membrane in eukaryotes contain? (7)
Phospholipid bilayer
Integral proteins
Periphal protein
Sterols
CHO
Glycoproteins
Endocytosis
What is endocytosis
Internalize extracellusr particles into the cell
What is phagocytosis
Engulfment of particles
What is pinocytosis
Engulfment of fluid
What is exocytosis?
Release of contents of a cell vacuole
What are ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis ( creation of polypeptides )
How many cytoplasmic ribosomes
80s ( 60s+40s )
How many mitochondria ribosomes
70s (50s + 30s)
What is the shape difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic of ribosomes
Eukaryotics are larger and denser
Where is cytoplasm
Inside plasma, membrane and outside of nucleus
What does cytoplasm eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t ( a skel?)
Cytoskeleton
What is a cytoskeleton?
The cell shape
Strength
Transport within cell
Cell movement
Are cytoplasm more complicated in eukaryotes
Yes
What are the eukaryotes organelles ? (8)
Nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, vacuoles, centrioles
What is a nucleus?
Contains almost all DNA with histone (DNA + HISTONE )
Does the nucleus have a double membrane?
Yes called nuclear envelope
What’s the function of a nuclear pore?
Communicates with the cytoplasm
What is the nucleolus / nucleoli ?
Site of rRNA synthesis
how do you cells divide
Mitosis and meiosis
What’s the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesize, lipids, and proteins via secretory vesicles
What are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum?
Rough ER, and smooth ER
What is rough er
Attached ribosomes
Protein synthesis
What is smooth ER
No ribosomes
Lipids synthesis
What is the function of golgi apparatus?
Receive and transport, synthesize, protein, and lipids
via secretory vesicles
What is mitochondria?
Powerhouse of the cell
Cellular respiration
What is the outer layer membrane of mitochondria?
Smooth
contain sterols
What is the inner membrane of the mitochondria?
Highly folded
No sterols
Cristae
What is cristae?
Inner membrane
Increase surface area
Enzyme for ATP
What is the function of choloplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
What are lysosomes
Enzymes capable of breaking down engulfed bacteria
Function of lysosomes
Contain hydrolylic enzymes
Function of vacuoles
Membrane bound cavity for space or storage
Function of centrosomes
Role in cell division
Form cilia and flagella
What is endosymbiont hypothesis?
Prokaryotes came first, eukaryotic evolved from that
