Eukaryotic cell organelles Flashcards
1
Q
What organelles are found in plant cells
A
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Central Vacuole
- Peroxisome
- Chloroplast
- Mitochondria
- Cytoskeleton
- Cell wall
- Golgi apparatus
2
Q
What organelles are found in animal cells
A
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Rough ER
- Smooth ER
- Lysosome
- Peroxisome
- Mitochondria
- Cytoskeleton
- Golgi apparatus
3
Q
Explain the structure and function of the nucleus
A
- Perforated sac containing DNA; proteins and RNA and is surrounded by double membrane
- Seperates DNA from rest of the cell; site of 1st step in protein synthesis; nucleus produces ribosomal subunits
4
Q
Explain the structure and function of the Ribosome
A
- 2 Globular subunits composed of RNA and protein
- Location of protein synthesis
5
Q
Explain the structure and function of the Rough ER
A
- Membrane network studded with ribosomes
- Produces proteins destined for secretion from the cell
6
Q
Explain the structure and function of the Smooth ER
A
- Membrane network lacking ribosomes
- Synthesises lipids; detoxifies drugs and poisons
7
Q
Explain the structure and function of the golgi apparatus
A
- Stacks of flat membranous sacs
- Synthesises materials to be secreted; produces lysosomes
8
Q
Explain the structure and function of the Lysosomes
A
- Sac containing digestive enzymes; surrounded by single membrane
- Dismantles and recycles components of food; debris; captured bacteria and worn out organelles
9
Q
Explain the structure and function of the peroxisome
A
- Sac containing enzymes, often forming visible protein crystals; surrounded by single membrane
- Disposes of toxins; breaks down fatty acids and eliminated hydrogen peroxide
10
Q
Explain the structure and function of the central vacuole
A
- Sac containing enzymes; acids; water soluble pigments and other solutes; surrounded by single membrane
- Produces turgor pressure; recycles cell contents; contains pigments
11
Q
Explain the structure and function of the chloroplast
A
- Two membranes enclosing stacks or membrane sacs, which contain photosynthetic pigments and enzymes; contains DNA and ribosomes
- Produces food (glucose) by photosynthesis
photosynthetic pigments and enzymes; contains DNA and ribosomes
12
Q
Explain the structure and function of the mitochondria
A
- 2 membranes; inner membrane is folded into enzyme studded Cristal; contains DNA and ribosomes
- Releases energy from food by cellular respiration
13
Q
Explain the structure and function of the cytoskeleton
A
- Network of protein filaments and tubules
- Transports organelles with the cell; maintains cell shape; basis for flagella / cilia ; connects adjacent cells
14
Q
Explain the structure and function of the cell wall
A
- Porous barrier of cellulose and other substances in plants
- Protects cell; provides shape and connects adjacent cells
