Chapter One Flashcards
What is an atom
Smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance
What is a molecule
A grp of joined atoms
What is an organelle
Membrane bound structure that has a specific function in a cell
What is a cell
The fundamental unit of life ( uni or multicellular )
What is a tissue
A collection of specialised cells that function in a co ordinated fashion
What is an organ
A structure consisting of tissues organised to interact and carry out specific functions
What is an organism
A single living individual
What is an organ system
Organs connected physically or chemically that function together
What is a population
A grp of the same species of organisms living in the same place at the same time
What is a community
Populations of different specifies that occupies the same region at the same time
What is an ecosystem
The living and non-living components of the area
Explain metabolism
- Countless chemical reactions that sustain life
- Allow organisms to acquire and use energy and nutrients to build new structures and repair old ones and produce
Explain autotrophs; heterotrophs and decomposers
- Make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non-living sources
- Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms, living or dead
- Heterotrophs that absorb energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms
How is an internal environment constant
- Must remain at a certain temp, too hot or cold = death
- Cell must take in nutrients; excrete waste and regulate its many chemical reactions to prevent a shortage or surplus of essential substances
What is homeostasis
The state of internal constancy
Explain how life reproduces; grows and develops
- They reproduce = make other organisms
- Reprod = transports DNA from one generation to the next
- Two types of repro = asexually
- Genetic info come from one parent and all offspring are virtually identical
- Sexually
- Genetic traits are obtained from both parents uniting = new combo of inherited traits
- very successful repro and common among plants; fungi and animals
- Genetic traits are obtained from both parents uniting = new combo of inherited traits
Explain how life evolves
- Life ensures organisms are well suited for their environment
Explain adaption fully
- Inherited characteristic or behaviour that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment
- Those with the best adaptions will outcompete the others and live the longest
What are the 5 characteristics that constitute life
- Organisation
- Energy use
- Maintenance of internal consistency
- Reproduction; growth and development
- Evolution
What is taxonomy
The science of branching and classifying organisms
What is a species
The basic unit of classification which designates a distinctive type of organism
What is a genus
Closely related species are grouped into the same genus
The more recently diverged from a common ancestor…
The more closely related they are presumed to be
What is the broadest taxonomic category
The Domain
explain The Domain fully
There are 3 types :
- Domain Archea
- Domain Bacteria
- These 2 are prokaryotes and are mostly unicellular ( a single cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles )
- Domain Eurkarya
- This is a eukaryote and are uni or multicellular ( organism composed of one or more cells containnng a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles )
What does Genetic evidence suggest
All species fall into one of these 3 domains
What are the kingdoms of Eukarya
Kingdom :
- Protista
- Animalia
- Fungi
- Plantae
What is a scientific method
- General way of using evidence to answer questions and test ideas
- Combines thinking; detective work; collaborations; learning from mistakes and noticing connections
What does a scientific method begin with
- Observations and asking questions
- Rely on all senses
What is a hypothesis and prediction
- A tentative explanation for 1 or more explanations
- must be a way to collect data that can support or reject it
- becomes widely accepted when multiple lines of evidence support it - An anticipated outcome of the test of a hypothesis
- written as an if statement
What is a sample size and variables
- How big the testing grp is
- A changeable element of an experiment
What is the difference between an independent and dependant variable
- The factor the investigator manipulates to determine whether it causes another variable to change
- Any response that might depend on the value of the independent variable
What is the standardised variable
- Anything the investigator holds constant for all subjects in the experiment, ensuring the best chances of detecting the effect of the independent variables
What is the control
- Provides the basis for comparison in measuring the effect of the independent variable
