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Life Sciences 141 > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom

A

Smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance

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2
Q

What is a molecule

A

A grp of joined atoms

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3
Q

What is an organelle

A

Membrane bound structure that has a specific function in a cell

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4
Q

What is a cell

A

The fundamental unit of life ( uni or multicellular )

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5
Q

What is a tissue

A

A collection of specialised cells that function in a co ordinated fashion

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6
Q

What is an organ

A

A structure consisting of tissues organised to interact and carry out specific functions

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7
Q

What is an organism

A

A single living individual

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8
Q

What is an organ system

A

Organs connected physically or chemically that function together

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9
Q

What is a population

A

A grp of the same species of organisms living in the same place at the same time

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10
Q

What is a community

A

Populations of different specifies that occupies the same region at the same time

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11
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

The living and non-living components of the area

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12
Q

Explain metabolism

A
  • Countless chemical reactions that sustain life
  • Allow organisms to acquire and use energy and nutrients to build new structures and repair old ones and produce
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13
Q

Explain autotrophs; heterotrophs and decomposers

A
  • Make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from non-living sources
  • Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms, living or dead
  • Heterotrophs that absorb energy and nutrients from wastes or dead organisms
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14
Q

How is an internal environment constant

A
  • Must remain at a certain temp, too hot or cold = death
  • Cell must take in nutrients; excrete waste and regulate its many chemical reactions to prevent a shortage or surplus of essential substances
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15
Q

What is homeostasis

A

The state of internal constancy

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16
Q

Explain how life reproduces; grows and develops

A
  • They reproduce = make other organisms
  • Reprod = transports DNA from one generation to the next
  • Two types of repro = asexually
    • Genetic info come from one parent and all offspring are virtually identical
  • Sexually
    • Genetic traits are obtained from both parents uniting = new combo of inherited traits
      • very successful repro and common among plants; fungi and animals
17
Q

Explain how life evolves

A
  • Life ensures organisms are well suited for their environment
18
Q

Explain adaption fully

A
  • Inherited characteristic or behaviour that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment
  • Those with the best adaptions will outcompete the others and live the longest
19
Q

What are the 5 characteristics that constitute life

A
  • Organisation
  • Energy use
  • Maintenance of internal consistency
  • Reproduction; growth and development
  • Evolution
20
Q

What is taxonomy

A

The science of branching and classifying organisms

21
Q

What is a species

A

The basic unit of classification which designates a distinctive type of organism

22
Q

What is a genus

A

Closely related species are grouped into the same genus

23
Q

The more recently diverged from a common ancestor…

A

The more closely related they are presumed to be

24
Q

What is the broadest taxonomic category

A

The Domain

25
Q

explain The Domain fully

A

There are 3 types :

  1. Domain Archea
  2. Domain Bacteria
  • These 2 are prokaryotes and are mostly unicellular ( a single cell organism whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles )
  1. Domain Eurkarya
  • This is a eukaryote and are uni or multicellular ( organism composed of one or more cells containnng a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles )
26
Q

What does Genetic evidence suggest

A

All species fall into one of these 3 domains

27
Q

What are the kingdoms of Eukarya

A

Kingdom :

  • Protista
  • Animalia
  • Fungi
  • Plantae
28
Q

What is a scientific method

A
  • General way of using evidence to answer questions and test ideas
  • Combines thinking; detective work; collaborations; learning from mistakes and noticing connections
29
Q

What does a scientific method begin with

A
  • Observations and asking questions
  • Rely on all senses
30
Q

What is a hypothesis and prediction

A
  • A tentative explanation for 1 or more explanations
    - must be a way to collect data that can support or reject it
    - becomes widely accepted when multiple lines of evidence support it
  • An anticipated outcome of the test of a hypothesis
    • written as an if statement
31
Q

What is a sample size and variables

A
  • How big the testing grp is
  • A changeable element of an experiment
32
Q

What is the difference between an independent and dependant variable

A
  1. The factor the investigator manipulates to determine whether it causes another variable to change
  2. Any response that might depend on the value of the independent variable
33
Q

What is the standardised variable

A
  • Anything the investigator holds constant for all subjects in the experiment, ensuring the best chances of detecting the effect of the independent variables
34
Q

What is the control

A
  • Provides the basis for comparison in measuring the effect of the independent variable

Life Sciences 141 (22 decks)

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