EtOH

Question 1

EtOH dose

Answer 1

We measured blood alcohol concentrations in our Ogg1 mice, a 4 g/kg EtOH dose produced a peak BAC of 0.5 and 2 doses of 2.5 g/kg EtOH produced a peak of 0.2 (mg/dL) which is equlivent to 4-5 drinks

Question 2

Which genes metabolize alochol

Answer 2

Predominantly ADH2, expressed in the liver

Question 3

How is alcohol absorbed

Answer 3

Alcohol is absorbed through simple diffusion

Will be absorbed 20% from the stomach and 80% in the intestines

Presence of food will impact the rate of absorption

Question 4

Distribution of EtOH

Answer 4

EtOH distributed into the body through total body fluids

Total body water content varies by age, sex, and weight

Can move across the placental and blood brain barrier

Question 5

Metabolism of EtOH

Answer 5

Oxidative pathways (3 ways)
1. Oxidative pathways by ADH – primarily found in the liver
2. CYP2E1 – occurs at higher concentrations of EtOH and only up to about 10% (generates ROS)
3. Catalase pathway – converts EtOH to acetaldehyde. * an important pathway in the brain because low levels of ADH

Non-oxidative pathways (<1%)
pathway generating fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE),

Question 6

Metabolism of EtOH in the fetus

Answer 6

Rate of EtOH from neonatal is only 50% of the EtOH elminiation from the maternal blood

Expression of the different metabolizing enzymes depends on the gestational age.

ADH – increases with age, can be detected in the first trimester

CYP2E1 – detected earlier in the brain, 7-9 weeks of gestation, increases with age, detected in 3rd trimester (80% of samples of fetal liver samples)