Ethnicity-internal factors

Question 1

what’s teacher labelling?

what did gillborn and Mirza find?

Answer 1

-when teacher attaches a meaning to someone and act towards that person according to there judgement.
Gillborn+Mirza:found that black children at the beginning of primary school were high achievers but by GCSES they were worst performers and that teachers have a tendency to apply racial labels to ethnic minority children
-suggests that there ethnic background is to blame for children’s underperformance
a) black pupils are prone to stricter discipline from teachers
-Gillborn+Youdell conducted research and found that teachers often held racial expections of pupils depending on the colour of their skin.Black pupils were labelled to be disruptive and and threatening which negatively impacted there education.
-therefore teachers responded with a harsher discipline if they felt there authority was challenged.
-due to teachers preconceived ideas of black pupils
b) black pupils are more likely to be placed in lower streams at school
-teachers make negative assumptions about their ability,maybe speech and language codes and therefore more likely to be placed in lower streams
-once in lower streams it reduces the likelihood of success as teachers regard them as a lost cause
-pupils in lower streams tend be set easier work and not paid as much attention to in class
-lower streamed pupils become demotivated and give up trying which results in self full filling prophecy occurring
evaluation:
-theory is outdated abit,people are more aware of racism today and try to ensure it doesnt happen
-teachers may react with harsh discipline for a good reason not due to racism
-might not be an individual problem could be a problem in the education system

Question 2

what did archer claim about pupil identities?

Answer 2

Archer:
claims that teachers apply stereotypes to ethnic minority groups-calls it defining pupils identities
1.Ideal pupil-white,Middle class,confident personality and has a ‘normal’ sexual+gender identity.Teachers support them and expected to succeed
2.pathologised pupil-Asian,poor background,lacks confidence and sexually oppressed.Teachers assume they lack confidence so when do well judged as ‘over achieved’
3.demonised pupil-black or white from working class,deprived background,regarded as lacking intelligence+expected to underachieve.Teachers presume they care more about socialising than studying
4.Model minority-Chinese pupils,teachers regard there eagerness to succeed as ‘abnormal’ behaviour.Don’t fit in with ideal pupil as aren’t regarded in the same way
evaluation:
-even if teachers possess these stereotypes doesn’t mean they would teach or treat pupils in this way
-teachers attitudes may not be the main reason for underachievement.Factors like material deprivation could influence this

Question 3

How do pupils from ethnic minorities respond to labelling?

What did Fuller say about it?

Answer 3

ethnic minority pupils respond in different ways to racist labels+stereotypes which their teachers apply to them which cam impact their achievement
-Fuller:conducted experiment on young female black girls in high school who were in low streams.Strived to get the best grades and worked hard out of school.However didn’t seek approval from teachers but wanted to prove to their teachers that there racial labels were incorrect
evaluation:
-might not be a direct effect from teacher labelling

Question 4

How does institutional racism cause inequality

Answer 4

1) marketisation policies

2) national curriculum is ethnocentric