Ethnicity - done

Question 1

topics within ethnicty

Answer 1

external factors
internal factors - labelling, identities and responses
internal factors - institutional racism

Question 2

cultural deprivation topics - EF

Answer 2

intellectual and linguistic skills
attitudes and values
family structure and parental support

Question 3

intellectual and linguistic skills

Answer 3

black boys lack enriching experiences leaving them poorly equipped for school - less development in problem-solving, and language is ungrammatical. pupils who don’t speak English may be held back due to difficulty in understanding

Question 4

attitudes and values

Answer 4

lack of motivation cause underachievement - black boy sare socialised into a fatalistic subculture

Question 5

family structure and parental support

Answer 5

failure to socialize children creates a dysfunctional family
- black boys likely to be part of single lead female HH - no male role model may cause underachievement
- lack of adequate care because struggle financially
- pryce says that asian pupils achieve because of resistance to racism and culture

Question 6

sewell fathers, gangs and cultures - EF

Answer 6

underachievemnt is because of lack of tough love an discipline - unable to overcome behavioural and emotional difficulties - gangs provide father like figure to black boys - gives them anti school subculture - to do better in school he says they need to have higher expectations put on them

Question 7

asian families - EF

Answer 7

sewell - asian families are supportive and have an asian work ethic as well as place a higher value on education

Question 8

white w/c families - EF

Answer 8

mcCulbch - study of 16000 pupils - ethnic minorites aspire to go to uni more than white w/c boys - due to lack of parental support - teahcers saw poorer discipline and behaviour from them according to lupton - ethnic minorites saw ed as a way up in society

Question 9

criticisms of cultural deprivation theroies - EF

Answer 9

Driver - ignores positive effects of race - black girls are strong and independent - why they are more successful than black boys

lawrence - black boys fail because of racism

keddi - ed is ethnocentric - minorities are culturally different not deprived

Question 10

material deprivtion and class - EF

Answer 10

palmer -
- almost half of all ethnic minorites live in low income HH
- they are 2x more likely to be unemployed
- many live in areas with low wage, and lack language skills

Question 11

racism in wider society - EF

Answer 11

rex - discrimination leads to social exclusion - worse housing compared to people of same class

wood et al - employment - 3 similar job applications too 1000 jobs - 1 white 2 ethnic - 1 in 16 ethnic offered job interview and 1 in 9 for white

Question 12

labelling and teacher racism - IF

Answer 12

teachers see black pupils as far from the ideal pupil - the boys are disruptive and asion boys are passive - these labels may cause difference in treatment

Question 13

black pupils and discipline - IF

Answer 13

GILLBORN AND YOUDELL - teachers quick to discipline black boys than others for dame things - result of racialised expecations and thought to have bad behaviour - the boys felt picked on leading to further conflict

Question 14

black pupils and streaming - IF

Answer 14

GILLBORN AND YOUDELL - ed triage - black boys cause of labels likely to be streamed into lower sets - leads to sfp of underachievement

Question 15

Asian pupils - IF

Answer 15

wright - teahcers hold ethnocentric views - they assume a worse graps of eng language - left them out of discussions - when names mispronounced they felt isolated

Question 16

Archer - Teachers pupil identities - IF

Answer 16

archer three types of pupils - ethnic minorities are likely to be in demon or path

ideal - white, m/c, achieve through natural ability and are initiative

pathologised - asian, achieves through hard work rather than ability

demonised - black or white w/c, unintelligent, cult deprived and underachiever

Question 17

chinese pupils - IF

Answer 17

Archer - teachers see asians as achieveing the wrong way - hard work rather than ability - cant be ideal pupil, creates negative positive stereotype - there success will always be seen as underachievement

Question 18

pupils responses and subculture - IF

Answer 18

pupils may respond differently - anti school or try and prove the school wrong

Question 18

fuller and mac an ghaill - rejecting negative labels - IF

Answer 18

study of black girls in yr11 who were high achievers - they channeled their anger from labels into ed success, didn’t change friends or seek approval, relied on their own efforts, gave the appearance of not caring, maintained positive self-images - neg labels don’t always lead to underachievement

Question 19

mizra - failed strats of avoiding racism - IF

Answer 19

3 types of teachers

colour blind - believe all pupils are euqal - leave racism unchallenged

liberal chauvinists - low expectations of black boys due to cult depriv

overt racists - actively discriminate - black boys are inferior

Question 20

sewell - variety of boys responses

Answer 20

absence of fathers + gang culture effects on achievement of black boys + 4 responses to racisms

rebels - minority, rejected school, macho lad

conformists - majority, keen to succeed - pro school

retreatists - tiny group - disconnected from school and black subcultures

innovators - pro ed yet anti school - fullers girls

Question 21

individual and institutional racism -IF

Answer 21

IND - prejudice views of people

INST - discrimination built in institutions , schools

Question 22

crititcal race theory - IF

Answer 22

Racisms ingrained in society

Question 23

locked in inequality - IF

Answer 23

Roithmayr - inst racisms is a locked in inequality - due to racisms in history - unconsciously done

gilborn - ethic ineq is deep-rooted so is an inevitable feature of ed

Question 24

marketisation and segregatio - IF

Answer 24

marketisation allows stereotypes to influence school admissions - gilborn

moore and davenport - show minorities failing to get places due to discrimination - shcools favour white british - minorities likely to end up in unpopular schools because of racist bias, language barriers and stereotypes

Question 25

ethnocentric curriculum - IF

Answer 25

means to give one culture priority over another - this is in the ed system - example of inst racism

david - curriculm is specifically british and has no involvment of other cultures in language, and history for example - creates sense of inferiority - causes underachievement

Question 26

criticisms of gilborn - IF

Answer 26

black boy’s underachievement - Sewell rejects view of inst racism as the main cause of underachievement - racism is not powerful enough to cause failure - unlike external factors

model minorities: Indian and Chinese achievement - they do better than the white majority - how is there inst racism then - gilborn says they are model minorities, which makes ed seem meritocratic