Class Differences In Achievement external - done

Question 1

the three topics under external factors are

Answer 1

cultural deprivation
material deprivation
cultural capital

Question 2

W/C subculture - CD

Answer 2

lack of interest by parents reflects w/c subculture values
- many different views from sugarman
- fatalism - whatever will be will be
- collectivism - value in being part of a group
- immediate gratification - pleasure now rather than later
- present time orientation - present is more important than the future

Question 3

the myth of cultural deprivation - CD

Answer 3

Keddie - sees it as a myth as its victim blaming
- children cannot be deprived of their own culture - they are different not deprived
- fail cause of ed system - she argues schools should build on strengths and challenge teacher prejudice

SCHOOLS ATTITUDE IS THE PROBLEM

Question 4

COMPENSATORY EDUCATION - CD

Answer 4

HEAD START - 1960s aim was planned enrichment in poor areas
- it included parenting skills setting up nursery classes, and home visits from educational psychologists

Question 5

language - CD

Answer 5

Hubbs tait et al: parents who use language that challenges their children to help improve their cognitive performance - educated parents
less educated parents - simple descriptive statements
Feinstein - educated parents are likely to prasie their children

Question 6

Speech codes

Answer 6

Bernstein
restricted - w/c, limited vocab and use simple sentences
elaborated - m/c, wide vocab, complex - at an advantage as this code is used by teachers

Question 7

parent education

Answer 7

Douglas - w/c parents place less value on ed - less encouragement and ambition

Feinstein - m/c parents advantaged as they help socialise better - this occurs in a number of ways
- parenting style
- parents behaviour around ed
- use of income
class, income, parental education

Question 8

housing - MD

Answer 8

overcrowding makes it harder to study or cant do work due to shared rooms
- higher chance of an accident
- disease spreads quick
- psychological distress

Question 9

diet and health - MD

Answer 9

HOWARD - poorer homes - lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals - therefore weakening the immune system - could result in absense

WILKINSON - poorer homes - more likely to have emotional or behavioural problems

BLANDEN AND MACHIN - more likely to fight

Question 10

Financial support and cost of education - MD

Answer 10

have to do without equipment and experiences - BULL the cost of free schooling
- worse stuff may cause bullying (Tanner et al)
- SMITH AND NOBLE: poverty acts as a barrier

Question 11

fear of dept - MD

Answer 11

dept may put the w/c off of uni as its cosly
CALLENDER AND JACOBSON - study of 2000 students - dept is something to be avoided - less benefits
W/C have less financial support from families

Question 12

Bourdieu’s three types of capital - CC

Answer 12

cultural
economic
educational

Question 13

cultural capital - CC

Answer 13

knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tasks, abilities

He sees m/c culture as capital as its an advantage - they are able to grasp abstract ideas and have a high value in ed

w/c find school devalues their culture as inferior