ethnic inequality

Question 1

ethnic inq in work + employment

ONS (2014) - 2011 census

Answer 1

Those in employment pakistani (54%), Black african (54%) and bangladeshi (53%) ethnic groups were the most likely to work in low skilled jobs

Question 2

ethnic inq in work + employment

Wood et al (2009)

Answer 2

Found that discrimination in favour of white names over equivalent aplications from ethnic minorities was 29%

Question 3

ethnic inq in work + employment

Heath and Yu (2005)

Answer 3

(men ) found that 1st generation black, indian. Pakistani migrants born in the 1940s-50s interviewed in the 70s - found that they faced significant ethnic penalties when it came to professional/management jobs
Direct market labour still exists

Question 4

ethnic inq in work + employment

Battu and Sloane (2004)

Answer 4

Argue that ethnic minorities in employment are more likely to be overeducated than the white groups
Shows that employment rates might not give a complete indication of the welfare of particular groups if those groups are doing jobs for which they are over educated

Question 5

ethnic inq in work + employment

Davidson (1997)

Answer 5

Used the tern ‘concrete ceiling’ to describe the imbedded discrimination that prevents ethnic minority women being promoted

Question 6

synoptic link

Hudson et al

Answer 6

note that low paid ethnic minority workers experience a range of discriminatory barriers which prevent them from improving their workplace position - often experience bullying and harassment from unsupportive management and fellow white workers

Question 7

ethnic inq income + wealth

ONS 2014

Answer 7

Around two fifths of people from ethnic minorities live in low income households , twice the rate than for white people

Question 8

ethnic inq income + wealth

Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2007)

Answer 8

Found that all ethnic minorities continue to have lower earnings than white groups with large earning differences experienced by black africans, pakistani and bangladeshi groups

Question 9

ethnic inq income + wealth

Rowlingson and McKay

Answer 9

Found that white british people in managerial occupations had greater wealth than other ethnic groups in the same positions

Question 10

ethnic inq income + wealth

Joseph rowntree foundation 2007

Answer 10

found that men from ethnic minorities in managerial and professional jobs earn up to 25% less than their white colleagues

Question 11

ethnic inq poverty

2011 census

Answer 11

1 in 3 bangladeshis and pakistanis in england and wales were living in deprived neighbourhoods
Only 1 in 12 of the census white british group lived in deprived neighbourhoods

Question 12

ethnic inq poverty

Joseph rowntree foundation 2007

Answer 12

Living in a deprived area reduced employment
This effect was larger for ethnic minorities
pakistani and bangladeshi families largely dependent on social security benefits such as jobseekers allowance

Question 13

ethnic inq poverty

Alcock

Answer 13

Argues that many ethnic minority groups experience material deprivation and that this can lead to social exclusion
Argues that material deprivation may be worsened by racial harassment - can have the effect of making ethnic minorities feeling isolated

Question 14

ethnic inq poverty

Joseph rowntree foundation

Answer 14

Joseph rowntree foundation in 2007 showed that 40% of ethnic minority communities in the uk live in poverty - double the poverty rates of white people

Question 15

ethnic inq poverty

Fisher and Nadis 2015

Answer 15

2015 Fisher and Nadis research concluded that pakistani and bangladeshi groups followed by black african and black carribean groups were the most likely groups to be found in persistent poverty

Question 16

ethnic inq social mobility

Platt

Answer 16

The occupational position of women from ethnic minority communities was more dependent on their origins than it was for men
Found that carribeans, blad others experienced upward occupational mobility relative to the white uk born after origins had been taken into account
Pakistani and bangkadeshi groups performed less well in terms of occupational achievement

Question 17

ethnic inq social mobility

Ami Sedghi - gaurdian report 2014

Answer 17

Found that despite levels of educational attainment improving ethnic minorities they are still facing barriers to social mobility and job opportunities
Ethnic minorities are outperforming their peers in obtaining 5 or more gcses
Found that despite levels of educational attainment improving ethnic minorities they are still facing barriers to social mobility and job opportunities
Ethnic minorities are outperforming their peers in obtaining 5 or more gcses

Question 18

ethnic inq social mobility

Heath and Li

Answer 18

Found that 43% of white men and 45.6% white women moved up to a higher socioeconomic class than their father 
1st generation black african, indian and pakistani and bangladeshi groups had significantly lower upward mobility rates

Question 19

ethnic inq health

Answer 19

2013 joseph rowntree foundation reported that persistent inequalities could be seen in the health of pakistani and bangladeshi women whose illness rates have been 10% higher than those of white women
It was reported that in 2008 the infant mortality rates of babies from pakistani and carribean communities born in 2005 was twice as high as that among white communities

Question 20

ethnic inq education

Answer 20

Evidence suggests that pakistani and black carribean young people still have lower gcse attainment levels than most other ethnic groups
More than half of children from asian households are eligible for free school meals - a sign of family poverty
African caribbean boys are 3 times more likely to be excluded from school than white pupils