Ethnic identity

Question 1

race

Answer 1

biologically determined and relates to the colour of your skin

Question 2

ethnicity

Answer 2

refers to a persons culture; characteristics

Question 3

Modood’s view on ethnic identities

Answer 3

described ethnicity as including:
- culture
- descent
- sense of identity

When people have an ethnic identity it means that they have a cultural attachment to others and a sense of pride.

Ethnicity is socially constructed and therefore is an example of structuration.

Question 4

dual identities

Answer 4

where you can have one identity at home and another with peers

Question 5

Ghuman 1999

ethnic identities are still significant

Answer 5

• Tradition, religion and family played a big part in upbringing second generation Asians in the UK.
• asian children tend to be socialised into the extended family (duty, loyalty, honour and religios commitment)

Question 6

Ballard

ethnic identities are changing

Answer 6

• south asian first generation migrants
• british culture places little value on family, honour and friends
• south asians became conscious of their attitudes to family life

second generation south asians experienced two cultures:
- fitting into wider society
- at home fitting into ethnic subculture

Question 7

Butler

ethnic identities are no longer significant

Answer 7

• young third generation Brasians can choose from a number of possible ientities
• involves adoptig some western ideas, while retaining some traditional ideas

Question 8

Johal

ethnic identities are no longer significant/changing

Answer 8

• 2nd and 3rd generation Brasians
• dual identity
• results in code switching and adopting a white mask in order to interact with white peers at school/college

Question 9

Burdsey

ethnic identities are no longer significant/changing

Answer 9

• dual ethnicity of british asian proffesioal footballers
• code switching from group to group

Question 10

Cashmere and Troyna

ethnic identities are not changing

resistance to rascism

Answer 10

• tendancy for ethnic minorities to ‘turn inwards’ to seek support from their own ethnic communities as a response to rascism
• as a result, religion and culture are strengthened

Question 11

James

ethnic identities are not changing

resistance to rascism

Answer 11

• experience of rascism unifies the culture and identity of UK African-Caribbeans hierarchy of colour imposed by colonialism etc
• common experience brings them together
• shared oppositional culture grew ‘black’ lable

Question 12

Jacobson

ethnic identities are still significant

resistance to rascism

Answer 12

• many young pakistanis adopt a strong islamic identity as a result of social exclusion from white british society
• young british muslims face challenges and their strong sense of identity provides them with stability and security
• form of defense mechanism to marginalisation/rascism through islammic identity (practices, dress, diet)

Question 13

Postmodernists

ethnic identities are changing

Answer 13

• in a globalised and media saturated society identity is about CHOICE and people create their own identities (hybrid)
• hybridity means ethnicity is becoming less significant

Question 14

Back

ethnic identities are changing

Answer 14

• white youths and black youths developed hybrid identities (cultural hybridity)
• ‘neighbourhood nationalism’ is solidarity and common identity
• shared identity based on mixed identity

Question 15

Brah

ethnic identities are changing

Answer 15

• young british asians are skillful cultural code switchers
• most find ways to negotiate their own identity (negotiated identity)