Ethnic Identities - Unit 1 Section A(12,6,20) Flashcards
cashmere and troyna
When immigrating to the uk african carribean, indian and pakistani families faced discrimination from british peopleas a response they turned inwards- creating their own communities with people from their own ethnic backgroundsso they did not have to integrate.they had their own places of worship within the communities .eg temples, church and made their own shops
Their response to racism was to become assertive with their ethnic background rather than adopting to british.
hebdige
Young black migrants responded to racist with asserting their culture - rastafarians which was seen as a religion in jamaica and in the uk they adopted this culture as a type of subculture wearing red, yellow and green and smoked cannabis and wore dreadlocks
Ghuman
British asain identities valued traditions, religion and family and played a big part in the upbringing of the second generation. Asian children were socialized into the extended family with emphasis on loyalty,honour and religious commitment. E.g choosing marriage partners teaching of problems with premetrital sex ext and taught a second langauge.
Selective education that fits the religion - manipulation
Anwar
Family can be a source of conflict with asian children due to westernisation(clothes,freedom, marriage) the younger generation mix with others at school who hold different cultures cause a mix of identities, which causes conflict with the parents surrounding honour
Culture clash.
Butler
Muslims seen in a negative light because of wars caused by a text that promoted violence(most muslims regard this as blasphemous) however the media doesn’t show this
Media is islamophobia - fear of extremism
And islam poses a threat to british society - stoties of forced marriages
Asian families are unhealthily strong - women subordinate and portrayed victim to religion
Watson
Argues there is a generation gap between muslims in britain due to the second gen hold different values to their parents gained from western culture
driver and Ballard
Argue that indian value education highly and push their children to have high ambition - england having good education fuels asian parents - doctors,lawyers
archer and Francis
Success of british-chineese asian and educational success is a part of their identity and when chinese boys taken part in laddish behaviour they still maintain good grades
Tiger mums - encourage high status jobs and do lots of homework and reteaching to achieve high grades.
coard
Institutionally racist - curriculum has one viewpoint and ignores other cultures particularly white history/white literature.
ethnocentric- british system. - may affect minority students as they aren’t educated on their own history.
gillborn
Argues that teachers are institutionally racist towards black students suggesting black males are viewed as threatening and disruptive by their teachers. As they have been negatively labelled and stereotyped they are less likely to be placed in higher sets and not entered for higher gcse tiers. This can lead to self fulling prophecy
Alexander
The media create and reinforce ethinic identities by portraying ethnic minorities in a stereotypical way. Asians youths in east london have been targeted unfairly by the police and media. Argues that there is a myth of the ‘asian gang’ was created by the media with reports of violent clashes between black and asian gangs. Clashes were exaggerated by the media and she argues asians boys are criminalised
sewell
hyper masculinity
Black afro caribbean boys and attempted ti explain their lower rates of education achievements. Higher crime rates and its impact on their identities. 57% of afro caribbean families were single parent families with mothers only so these boys lacked a male role model. Te boys look to rappers they see on mtv
back
Studies 2 council estates in south london and found that black hite and asian youths all shared friendships, fashion music and slang. This was evidence of hybrid identities were all the youths were trying cultural masks where youths shared the same cultural borrowing was occurring where white asian youths listened to rap and reggae rather than rock music
gill
Blasian and brasian hybrid identities taking on their cultures
burdsey
Studied 2nd and 3rd gen british asian footballers and found they adopted an asian identity with their white families and white identity with peers. Code switching
Nayak
Describes youths as white wannabe. White working class boys who adopt language and style of black culture. Wiggas and Wangstas.
Butler
Believes that young asian women in britain who are second generation were not all asian culture but those aspects that they felt were outdated and inappropriate not only to themselves but also as muslims in britain
Philips
Argues that the national curriculum supports a nationalsitc ideology and the history classes in particular are a key factor in creating a nation identity. The teaching of events and myth in history lessons creates a shared national conscious and collective identity where people can feel connected to history which they were not a part of.
Schuden
Points out that all British people are socialised into a common culture and identity through various means. For example, English is the most commonly spoken language in the UK but Welsh Scots and Irish are taught their own culture. Newspapers are critisied for being too nationalistic
Kumar
Points out that all British people are socialised into a common culture and identity through various means. For example, English is the most commonly spoken language in the UK but Welsh Scots and Irish are taught their own culture. Newspapers are critisied for being too nationalistic
Cashmore and Troyna
Cultural resistance where countries resist global culture protect their cultural heritage, in turn becoming more traditionalist and nationalistic
hewitt
Believes countries will have 3 reactions to believes the British has seen white backlash from white working classes against what they perceive to be preferential treatment of ehtic minorities. White youth are victimised in comparison to their minority peers
hall
Believes countries will have 3 reactions to globalisation cultural homogenisation (they accept global culture and countries become more similar) , cultural hybridity (take some parts) or cultural resistance (they may resist global culture and fiercely protect their own culture
Fairweather and rogerson
Cultural homogenisation is occurring due to technology not being localised with software such as microsoft reflecting western ideas and anti social behaviour. Internet reflects western ideas of morals ie racism sexism and other social issues.
