Ethnic Differences In Education Flashcards
Intellectual skills
Cultural deprivation therapy, the lack of intellectual linguistic skills as a major cause and argue that many children from low income, black families, intellectual simulation, leaving them poorly equipped for School.
Linguistic and intellectual skills
Bereiter and engleman
They consider the language spoken by low income, black American families, as in adequate for educational success. They see it as unable, disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas.
Linguistic and intellectual skills and David Gillborn and Heidi Safia Mirza
They know that Indian peoples do very well, despite often not having English as their home language.
Attitudes and values
Cultural deprivation theorist argue that some black children are socialised into a subculture that instill a fatalistic attitude that does not value education and a lack of motivation, leaving them unequipped for success.
Family structure
Daniel Moynihan
He suggests that because many black families are headed by a loan mother, their children are deprived of adequate care. There becomes a cycle where inadequately socialised children from go onto fail at school and become an adequate themselves.
Family structure and parental support
Charles Murray (new right)
Charles argues, that are high rate of loan parenthood and a lack of positive male role models lead to under achievement of some minorities.
Family structure, and parental support
Ken pryce - family structure
He sees family structure as contributing to under achievement of black Caribbean people. Asians are high achievers because their culture is more resistant to racism. However, black culture is less resistant. Leading to low self-esteem.
Family structure, and parental support
Ken Pryce and racism of Asian and black Caribbean culture
the difference is the result of differing impact of colonialism on the 2 groups. slavery was culturally devastating and them being sold into slavery meant they lost their language and family system. But Asian family structures were not destroyed by colonial rule.
Fathers, gangs and culture
Tony Sewell and father absence
He argues that the lack of fatherly, nurturing and tough love results in black boys, finding it hard to overcome the emotional and behavioural difficulties of adolescence.
Fathers, gangs and culture
Chris arnot
The absence of a nurturing father presents boys with immediate inspired role of anti-school black masculinity. Chris describes as the “ultra tough ghetto superstar, An image constantly reinforced through rapper lyrics and mtv videos.”
Father’s gangs and culture
Tony Sewell and socialisation
He argues that black students do worse than their asian counerparts. One group has been nurtured by MTV and the other is clocking up the educational hours.
Asian families
Ruth lupton
Ruth argues that adult authority in Asian families is similar to the model that operates in schools. respectful behaviour towards adults was expected from children which had a knock on effect in School.
White working class families
Andrew mcCulloch
Andrew found that ethnic minority peoples are more likely to aspire to go to university. the level of aspiration and achievement maybe a result of a lack of parental support.
White working class families
Ruth lupton
Ruth studied 4 w/c schools and two predominantly white. one serving a largely Pakistani community and the fourth drawing peoples from an ethnically mixed community. She found that teachers reported lower levels of behaviour discipline in white working class schools.
Working class, white families
Ruth Lupton evaluation
The teachers blamed the low levels of behaviour on low levels of parental support and the negative attitudes that working-class parents had towards education. Whereas ethnic minority parents were more likely to see education as “a way up in society”
Working class, white families
Gillian Evans
She argues that street coach in white working class areas can be brutal, and young people have to learn how to withstand intimidation and intimidate others. Schools can be a place where power games are played out, bringing disruption to education.
Criticism of cultural deprivation theory
Geoffrey driver
He criticises the theory for ignoring the positive effects of ethnicity and achievement. He shows how black families provide girls with positive role models of independent women and this is why black girls can be more successful in education than black boys.
Criticism of cultural deprivation theory
Errol Lawrence
He challenges can pryce’s view that black peoples fail because their weak culture. He argues that black peoples underachieve because of racism rather than low self-esteem.
Criticisms of cultural deprivation theory
Keddie
She sees cultural deprivation as victim blaming, and she argues that ethnic minority children are culturally different and not deprived. They underachieve because schools are ethnocentric.
Material deprivation and class
Material deprivation explanations see educational failure as resulting from factors such as substandard housing and low income. Ethnic minorities are more likely to face these problems.
Material deprivation and class
Guy Palmer
He found that almost half ethnic minority children live in low income, households and ethnic minorities are almost twice as likely to be unemployed compared to whites. ethnic minority workers are more like it’s been engaged and shift work.
Why are some ethnic minorities have a greater risk of material deprivation that results from unemployment, low, pay and overcrowding?
Many live in economically depressed areas and lack language skills which cannot be recognised by UK Employers. asylum seekers aren’t allowed to take work and racial discrimination in the labour market.
Material deprivation and class
Indian pupils
Indian peoples whose achievements are generally above average, are likely to be from better off backgrounds. They are an ethnic group most likely to attend private schools.
Racism in wider society
John Rex
Shows how racial discrimination leads to social exclusion, and how this worsen the poverty faced by ethnic minorities. Eg. discrimination means that minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard accommodation.
Internal factors
Labelling
Interactionist sociologists found that teachers often see black and Asian peoples as being far from the ideal people and labels may lead to treating ethnic minority peoples differently, disadvantaging them.
Internal factors
Black pupils and discipline
Gillborn and Youdell
They found that teachers were quicker to discipline black pupils, as a result of teachers, racialised expectations. They found that teachers misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening. Teachers then underestimated their ability and picked on them.
