Cultural Deprivation

Question 1

What is cultural deprivation

Answer 1

A person has inferior norms, values and attitudes.

Question 2

What do theorists argue about cultural deprivation

Answer 2

They argue that many working-class families failed to socialise their children adequately which leads to the children growing up culturally deprived. They lack cultural equipment needed to do well in school, so they underachieve.

Question 3

Language

Answer 3

Less educated parents use language in ways, only required children to make simple statements. Children from lower class Families fail to develop the necessary language skills, growing up in capable of abstract thinking.

Question 4

Feinstein 2008
Language
Cultural deprivation

Answer 4

Found that educated parents use language that challenges their children and they are more likely to use praise which encourages their children to develop sense of their own competence.

Question 5

Bereiter and englemann 1966
Language
Cultural deprivation

Answer 5

They claimed that the language used in lower class homes is deficient. They describe low class families, as communicating by gestures, single words or disjointed phrases.

Question 6

Speech codes
Cultural deprivation

Answer 6

Restricted code and elaborative code
These codes give me to class, children and advantage of school and working class at a disadvantage

Question 7

Basil bereiter
Speech codes
Cultural deprivation

Answer 7

Identifies a differences between working class and middle-class language. He distinguishes the two speech codes. He argues that class peoples fail, because School is failed to teach him how to use the elaborative code.

Question 8

Parents’ education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 8

Theorists argue that parents’ attitudes to education is a key factor affecting children’s achievement.

Question 9

Douglas and parents education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 9

Found that working class, parents, place, less value on education and gave their children less encouragement. As a result children had lower levels of motivation and achievement.

Question 10

Leon Feinstein 2008
Parents’ education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 10

Argues that parents’ own education is the most important facts affecting children’s achievement. Middle-class parents tend to be better educated and not able to give their children an advantage.

Question 11

Parenting style
Parents’ education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 11

Educated parents emphasises consistent, discipline and high expectations where as less educated parents are harsh emphasises “doing as you’re told”

Question 12

Parents’ educational behaviours
Parents education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 12

Educated parents are not aware of what is needed to assist their children’s progress. They’re also better at establishing good relationship relationships with teachers and better guiding their children’s interactions at school.

Question 13

Use of income
Parents education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 13

Better educated parents have a high income and spend their incoming ways to promote their children’s educational success. Working class homes are more likely to lack resources and means their children start school without intellectual skills. 

Question 14

Bernstein and young (1967)
Use of income
Parents education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 14

Found that middle-class mothers are more likely to buy educational choice, books and activities that encourage reasoning skills and stimulate intellectual development.

Question 15

Feinstein
Class, income and parental education
Parents education
Cultural deprivation

Answer 15

notes that parental education has an influence on children’s achievement, regardless of class income. Even within a given social class. Better educated parents tend to have children who are more successful School.

Question 16

Working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 16

Augie, that lack of parental interest in their children’s education, reflects their subcultural values of the working class. A subculture is a group, whose attitude and values differ from those of the mainstream culture.

Question 17

Barry sugarman
Working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 17

Argues that working class subculture has four key features
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate gratification
Present time orientation

Question 18

What is the fatalism
working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 18

Belief in fate, nothing you can do to change your status.
Contrasts m/c values

Question 19

What is collectivism
Working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 19

Valuing being part of a group more than succeeding as an individual. Contrasts m/c view.

Question 20

What is immediate gratification
Working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 20

Seeking pleasure now rather than making sacrifices in order to get rewards in the future.

Question 21

What is present time orientation
Working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 21

Seeing present as more important than the future, not seeing future goals.

Question 22

Working class subculture

Answer 22

Working class, children and internalise the beliefs of their subculture through the socialisation process. Cultural deprivation, theorist argue that parents pass on the valleys of their class to their children through primary socialisation.

Question 23

Compensatory education
Working class subculture
Cultural deprivation

Answer 23

Compensator education programs aim to tackle the problems of cultural deprivation by providing extra resources to schools and communities in deprived areas.

Question 24

Operation head start and compensatory education

Answer 24

It’s a multi billion dollar scheme of preschool education in poor areas. Its aim was “planned enrichment” of deprived children’s environment to develop skills and instill achievement motivation. Included parenting skills, setting up classes and home visits.

Question 25

Cultural deprivation myth

Answer 25

Nell Keddie describes cultural deprivation as a myth and sees as victim blaming. She dismisses the idea that failure at school Can be blamed on a culturally deprived home background.

Question 26

Nell keddie Myth of cultural deprivation

Answer 26

She argues that rather than seeking working class coach as deficient schools should recognise and build on its strengths, and should challenge teachers anti working class prejudices.

Question 27

Barry Troyer and Jenny Williams Cultural deprivation myth

Answer 27

They argue that the problem is not the child’s language, but the school is attitude towards it. Teachers have a speech hierarchy and they label middle-class speech the highest and working class lowest.

Question 28

Material deprivation Housing

Answer 28

Poor housing can affect peoples achievement. Overcrowding means there’s less room for homework to be done and sleep can be disturbed. Families meeting regularly may result in constant changes of schools and disrupting education.

Question 29

Diet and health Marilyn Howard Material deprivation

Answer 29

young people from poor backgrounds, have low intakes of energy and vitamins which affects health. This may weaken the immune system and lower children’s energy levels, resulting in more absences from school and illness.

Question 30

Jo Blanden and Stephen Machin Material deprivation

Answer 30

Found that children from low income families were more likely to engage in “externalising” behaviour (Fighting). Likely to disrupt schooling.

Question 31

Financial support and costs of education Material deprivation

Answer 31

The lack of financial support means that children from poor families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences that would enhance their education achievement.

Question 32

Emily tanner and financial support of the costs of education Material deprivation

Answer 32

Emily Tanner found the cost of items such as transport and computers place a burden on poor families. As result, children may have to do with hand me downs and cheaper unfashionable equipment,results can be an isolated and bullied peers.

Question 33

Teresa smith and Michael noble Financial support and the costs of education Material deprivation

Answer 33

They found that poverty act as a barrier to learning in other ways, such as inability to afford private schooling. The lack of funds also mean that children from low income families often need to work.

Question 34

Fear of debt Material deprivation

Answer 34

Attitudes towards debt, deter working class students from going to university. W/c students who go to university receive less financial support from their families and may need to work which isolate them from their university community.

Question 35

Claire calendar and Jon Jackson Fear of debt Material deprivation

Answer 35

They found that working class students are more debt averse because they see debt negatively and want to avoid it. They also saw more cost and benefits in going to university. The most debt averse students are five times less likely to apply.

Question 36

Diane reay Fear of debt Material deprivation

Answer 36

Found that working class students were more likely to apply to local universities, so they could live at home and save on travel course, but this gave them less opportunity to go to high status universities.

Question 37

Cultural capital and Bourdieu Material deprivation

Answer 37

he uses the concept of capital to explain why middle-class and most successful. He argues that there is educational, capital and cultural capital.

Question 38

Cultural capital Cultural deprivation

Answer 38

Bourdieu uses the term cultural capital to refer to knowledge, attitudes and values. He argues that, through socialisation, middle-class children acquire the ability to analyse an express, abstract ideas and their more like to develop intellectual skills.

Question 39

Cultural capital and m/c Cultural deprivation

Answer 39

Middle-class culture gives the children an advantage in school where their abilities and interests are highly valued by rewards with qualifications. W/C children find that school devalue, their culture as rough and inferior. Their lack of cultural capital leads to exam failure.

Question 40

Economic and educational capital Cultural deprivation

Answer 40

Bourdieu argues that Can be educational economic and cultural capital can be converted. wealthy parents can convert their economic capital into educational capital by sending their children to private schools and paying for extra tuition.

Question 41

Dennis leech and Erick campos Educational and economic capital Cultural capital

Answer 41

During their study of Coventry shows middle-class parents are more likely to be able to afford a house in the catchment area of the school. This has become known as the selection by mortgage because it drives up across of houses nurse successful schools.

Question 42

Alice Sullivan A test of Bourdieus ideas Cultural deprivation

Answer 42

Use questionnaires to conduct a survey of 465, pupils in four schools to assess their cultural capital. She found that those who read complex fiction developed a wide vocabulary, and a greater cultural knowledge, indicating greater cultural capital.