Educational Policy And Equality Flashcards

Question

Parental choice and marketisation policies

Answer 1

These policies benefit the middle-class by creating inequalities between schools. They also advantage, middle-class parents, whose economic and cultural capital put them in a better position to choose good schools for their children.

Answer 2

She did a study of 14 London secondary schools, and found the differences in parental economic and cultural capital leads to class differences in how far they can exercise choice of secondary schools

Answer 3

The privileged skill choosers Mainly professional middle-class parents who use their economic and cultural capital gain educational capital for their children. They know how School admission systems work.

Answer 4

The disconnected local choosers Working class, parents, whose choices were restricted by their lack of capital. Find it difficult to understand School admission procedures and their funds are limited

Answer 5

Semi skilled choosers Mainly working class but are ambitious for their children they like capital and find it hard to make sense of education market.

Answer 6

It makes it appear that all parents have the same freedom to choose which school to send their children to. However, it is actually middle-class parents who are better able to take advantage of their choices.

Answer 7

While marketisation policies have tended to increase inequality, the new labour governments of 1997 to 2010, also introduce a number of questions and reducing it

Answer 8

Providing additional resources in deprived areas, The aim higher program to raise the aspirations of groups under represented, education maintenance allowances for students from low income backgrounds. Increase funding for state education.

Answer 9

The strategy called for more literacy and numeracy hours and reducing primary school class sizes. It is claimed these policies are of great benefit to disadvantage groups and so help to reduce inequality.

Answer 10

she sees a contradiction between labour policies to tackle in a quality and its commitment to marketisation. She calls it the new labour paradox. For example, introducing EMA is to encourage poorer students to stay in education, labour also introduced tuition that may deter them from going to university.

Answer 11

David Cameron stated that the aim of coalitions educational policy was to encourage excellence, competition and innovation by freeing schools from the dead hand of the state through policy, such as academies and free schools

Answer 12

Schools were encouraged to leave local authority control, academies could control their curriculum

Answer 13

Funding was taken from local authority, budgets, and given directly to the academies

Answer 14

over 68% of all secondary schools had converted to Academy status. Some academies are run by private educational businesses and funded directly by the state.

Answer 15

Labours original city Academy, targeted disadvantage School areas, but by allowing any School to become an academy, removed the focus on reducing inequality

Answer 16

Free schools are set up and run by parents, teachers or businesses rather than the local authority, but still funded by the state.

Answer 17

Supportive of free schools claim that they improve educational standards by giving power to parents. It also gives parents and teachers the opportunity to create a new school if they are unhappy with the state schools in their area.

Answer 18

Rebecca argues that research from Sweden, where 20% of schools are free schools show that they only benefit children from highly educated families.

Answer 19

Critics claim that free schools are socially devisive and they lower standards. schools in the USA have been criticised for to raising standards, by strict pupil selection. In England, free schools take fewer disadvantaged peoples than nearby schools.

Answer 20

Who argues that promoting academies and free schools has led to both increase fragmentation and increase centralisation of control over educational provision in England.

Answer 21

The comprehensive system is being replaced by a patchwork of diverse provision and much of it involves private providers that leads to greater inequality in opportunities.

Answer 22

Central government has the power to allow or acquire schools to become academies or allow free schools to be set up. These schools are funded directly by central government and their rapid growth has greatly reduced the role of elected local authorities.

Answer 23

Free school meals for all children in reception to year 2 Pupil premium is the money schools receive for each people from a disadvantaged background

Answer 24

Ofsted found that in many cases, the pupil premium is not spent on those it was supposed to help. Only 1/10 head teachers said it had a significantly changed how they supported pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds.

Answer 25

The spending on School buildings was cut by 60%, many sure start centres were closed, and their education, maintenance allowance was abolished and university fees tripled.

Answer 26

Critics argue that cutting sure start and the EMA has reduced opportunities for working class, pupils and increasing university fees may discourage them from entering high education.

Answer 27

It involves the transfer of public assets, such as schools to private companies. For example, the gas and electric used to be only state owned and now privatly owned by different private sectors.

Answer 28

In recent years, there has been a trend towards the privatisation of insulting aspects of School and education has become a source of profit for capitalist.

Answer 29

Private companies in the ESI are involved in increasing the range of activities in education, including the building of schools, supply teachers, work based learning, career advice and OFSTED in inspections.

Answer 30

Large scale school building projects often involve ppps, private sector companies provide capital to design, build, finance and operate educational services. Contracts last for 25 years or more in which the time the local council pays a monthly lease

Answer 31

companies involved in such work, expect to make up to 10 times as much profit as they do on other contracts. Look authorities enter into these agreements as the only way of building new schools, due to the lack of funding by the central government

Answer 32

Many senior officials in the public sector such as head teachers leave to set up or work for private sector education businesses. These companies, then bid for contracts, provide services to schools and local authorities.

Answer 33

This flow of personnel allows companies to buy inside knowledge to help win contracts, as well as sidestepping local authority democracy.

Answer 34

It means people are becoming more like brands and brands are becoming more like people. It’s the changing dynamics of relationships with brands and people through technology.

Answer 35

Many private companies in the education services industry of foreign owned. The example, at Excel is owned by the US educational publishing and testing Pearson.

Answer 36

The leading educational software companies are all owned by global multi nations. Many contracts educational services in the UK are sold on by the original company to order such as banks and investment funds.

Answer 37

UK businesses work overseas and often private companies are exporting UK education policy to other countries. Ofsted. As a result Nation-states are becoming less important in policy making, which is shifting to a global level and often privatised.

Answer 38

The private sector is also penetrating education indirectly, for example, through vending machines on School premises. And the development of brand loyalty through displays of logos and sponsorships.

Answer 39

Schools are targeted by private companies because schools carry enormous goodwill, confer legitimacy on anything associated with them.

Answer 40

The benefits to schools and pupils for this private sector involvement are very limited. For example, a Cadburys sports equipment promotion was scrapped after it was revealed that pupils would have to eat 5440 chocolate bars to qualify for a set of volleyball posts

Answer 41

Ball concludes that a change is taking place in which privatisation is the key factor shaping educational policy. Policies are focused on moving educational services out of the public sector controlled by the state.

Answer 42

They see conservative government policies as part of the long march of the neo Liberal revolution, and sees academies as an example of handing over public services to private capitalists such as educational businesses.

Answer 43

Claim that privatisation and competition drive up standards is a myth used to legitimate the turning of education into a source of private profit

Answer 44

In the 19th century, females were largely excluded from higher education, girls had to achieve a higher mark than boys in the 11+ to obtain a grammar school place. Policy, such as GIST have been introduced to reduce gender differences in subject choice

Answer 45

Focused on the need for pupils from minority ethnic groups to a simulate in mainstream Britain’s culture as a way of raising their achievement. Have a critics argue that the real cause of underachievement lies in poverty or racism

Answer 46

Aimed to promote the achievements of children from minority ethnic groups by valuing all cultures in the school curriculum, raising minority people, self-esteem, and and achievement.

Answer 47

Maureen stone argues that black pupil do not fail for lack of self-esteem, and theorist argue that the policy picks out stereotypical features of minority cultures.

Answer 48

The policy included detailed monitoring of exam results by ethnicity, amending the race relations act and Saturday schools in the black communities. Along with additional language programs.

Answer 49

Heidi Safia Mirza, see the little genuine changing policy and argues that, instead of tackling the structural causes of ethnic inequality, such as poverty, educational policy still takes a soft approach that focuses on culture, behaviour and the home.