Ethnic Differences in Achievement - External Factors (Cultural Deprivation) Flashcards
What are the main external factors affecting ethnic differences in achievement?
1) . Cultural deprivation.
2) . Material deprivation and class.
3) . Racism in wider society.
How does cultural deprivation explain some ethnic under-achievement?
Caused by inadequate socialisation in the home.
What are the 3 main aspects of the cultural deprivation theory of explaining ethnic differences?
1) . Intellectual and language skills.
2) . Attitudes and values.
3) . Family structure and parental support.
What do cultural deprivation theorists argue about low-income black families?
That these pupils lack intellectual stimulation.
- as a result, they under-achieve as they are unable to develop reasoning and problem-solving skills.
What does Bereiter and Engelmann claim about the language spoken by low-income black families?
It’s disjointed and ungrammatical =
- their children are unable to express abstract ideas.
- this creates a barrier to educational progress.
How does Report criticise Bereiter and Engelmann’s claim?
Language isn’t a major factor in under-achievement =
- this negative effect is likely to be temporary.
What evidence shows language isn’t a major factor to under-achievement?
Official statistics =
- in 2010, pupils with English as their first language were only 3.2 points of those without English as first language.
How does Gillborn and Mirza show language isn’t a major factor in ethnic under-achievement?
Indian pupils do well despite often not speaking English at home.
How are the attitudes of black families different from mainstream cultures?
Fatalism and immediate gratification =
- the subculture in which black people are socialised is fatalistic and focus on immediate gratification.
- resulting in a lack of motivation to succeed.
What factors of the structure of black families contribute to their under-achievement?
1) . Lack of male role models.
2) . Culture of poverty.
3) . Impact of slavery.
4) . Fathers, gangs and cultures.
How does Moynihan say black female-headed lone-parent families lead to their under-achievement?
- Black children are deprived of adequate socialisation as male role model isn’t present.
- This is due to many black families being lone female-headed.
- Sees this as a cycle, the children will go on to fail and inadequately socialise their children.
Who else discusses the family structure and parental support of some ethnic minorities having an impact on their under-achievement?
1) . Charles Murray (1984).
2) . Scruton (1986).
3) . Pryce (1979).
What does Murray argue about the structure of some ethnic minorities’ families contributing to their under-achievement?
High rates of female headed lone-parents and a lack of positive male role models leads to the under-achievement of some minority pupils.
What does Scruton say the reason for the under-achievement of some ethnic minorities is?
Their failure to embrace mainstream British culture.
What evidence contradicts Murray’s claim?
1). Connor (2004) =
ethnic minority parents place a higher values on education than white parents.
2). Sewell (1998) =
only a minority of African-Carribean boys were anti-school.