Ethnic Differences In Achievement

Question 1

External factors
Cultural deprivation

Intellectual & linguistic skills

Answer 1

• low income black children lack intellectual stimulation

- bereiter & Englemann= language spoken by WC families inadequate

Question 2

External factors
Cultural deprivation

Fathers, gangs & culture

Answer 2

-Sewell= lack of father means lack of nurturing or ‘tough love’ results in black Boys finding it hard to overcome the emotion

Question 3

External factors
Cultural deprivation

Asian families

Answer 3

• Sewell= Indian and Chinese pupils are benefiting from support families
• Lupton= adult authority in Asian family is similar model that operates in schools, show respect to teachers

Question 4

External factors
Cultural deprivation

Attitudes & values

Answer 4

• black children lack motivation
• socialised in mainstream subculture (ambitious, competitiveness) some black children socialised into subculture that is fatalistic

Question 5

External factors
Cultural deprivation

Family support & parental support

Answer 5

-Moynihan= black families headed by lone mothers who struggle financially & leave children without male role model. Children become inadequate parents

Question 6

External factors
Cultural deprivation

White WC families

Answer 6

-lupton= four WC schools (two mainly white, one mainly Pakistan, one mixed) white schools lower levels of behaviour, low levels of parent support

Question 7

Internal factors

Labelling & teacher racism

Answer 7

-black pupils
Gillborn= teachers quicker to discipline them. Misinterpret them as threatening
-Asian pupils
Wright= teachers assum they have poor English and left them out of discussion. They feel isolated when teacher misinterpret their names.

Question 8

Internal factors

Pupil identities

Answer 8

• archer
  1. Ideal pupil identity= white MC, natural talent
  2. The pathologized pupil= Asian, WC. Only succeed through hard work not natural talent
  3. The demonised pupil= black or white MC, unintelligent

Question 9

Internal factors

Pupil responses (black girls)

Answer 9

• negative label doesn’t always lead to failure
• mirza= black girls fail to achieve due to teacher racism…
  1. Colour blind= believe in equality but don’t challenge racism
  2. Liberal chauvinist= black pupils are culturally deprived & low expectations of them
  3. The overt racists= black inferior, discriminate them

Question 10

Internal factors

Pupils responses & subcultures (black boys)

Answer 10

-Sewell= how black boys respond to racism

The rebels= reject school goals. Anti-school
The conformists= keen to succeed. Anxious to avoid being stereotyped
The retreatist= disconnect from both school and black subculture day
The innovators= valued success but didn’t seek approval of teachers

Question 11

Internal factors

Institutional racism (access to opportunities)

Answer 11

-gift & talented programme= gilborn. Whites 2x more likely as black Caribbean’s to be identified as talented and 5x more than black Africans