Class Differences In Achievement Flashcards
External factors
Cultural deprivation
Bernstein: two forms of speech
Restricted code: wc
Elaborated code: mc
External factors
Cultural deprivation
Sugarman: gratification
Wc= immediate gratification
(Want money now)
Mc= delayed gratification
External factors
Cultural deprivation
Sugarman: fatalism
- belief in destiny
- wc= fatalistic
External factors
Cultural deprivation
Sugarman: collectivism
Wc choose friends over education
External factors
Cultural deprivation
Douglas: parents evenings
Wc parents less likely to visit schools
External factors
Material deprivation
WC underachieving: housing
- overcrowding= noisy
- temporary housing= constantly move schools
External factors
Material deprivation
Wc underachievement: poor health
- Howard’s= poorer homes less intake of vitamins, energy
- poor nutrition= time off for illnesses
External factors
Material deprivation
WC underachievement: Parents with 2nd jobs
No time spent with child
No discipline
External factors
Material deprivation
We underachievement: Cost of free education
Bull= lots of hidden costs (trips, uniform, equipment)
External factors
Material deprivation
WC underachievement: fear of debt
Wc more likely to be in fear of this
Internal factors
Becker: labelling
Teachers ‘ideal’ student characteristics of MC
Internal factors
Keddie: high and low status knowledge
Top sets= taught high knowledge
Bottom sets= common sense knowledge
Internal factors
Rist: consequences of labelling
Once in bottom sets, spend all of school there cus of negative label
Internal factors
Self fulfilling prophecy
Pupil takes on their label and starts to believe they are that
Internal factors
Streaming
Wc placed in bottom sets
Mc places in top sets
