Ethnic Differences In Achievement Flashcards

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1
Q

What is apart of the external factors?

A

Cultural deprivation
Material deprivation and class
Racism in wider society

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2
Q

What are the 3 main reasons ethnic groups have cultural deprivation?

A

Language
Attitudes and values
Family structure and parental support

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3
Q

What did Beteiter and Engelmann say about language?

A

The language spoken by low income black American families is inadequate for educational success

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4
Q

What is a statistic of children who do not speak English at home compared to children who do speak English at home?

A

Attainment 8 scores
On average those who do not speak English at home (47.2 points) score batter than those who do (46.5)

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5
Q

What does Samantha Parsons say about the attitudes and values of ethnic minorities?

A

7-14 year olds
Minority groups had higher career aspirations

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6
Q

What does Samantha parsons show?

A

That ethnic groups do not socialise their child into low aspirations, as cultural deprivation theory claims

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7
Q

How does family structure and parental support impact cultural deprivation?

A

The failure to socialise children adequately is due to dysfunctional family

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8
Q

What does Moynihan argue?

A

Argues that many black families are headed by a lone mother, they are deprived of adequate care as she has to struggle financially in the absence of a male breadwinner
It is a cycle where the child will also become an inadequate parent themselves

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9
Q

What does Driver argue?

A

Ignores the positive effects of black family structures
They show positive role models of strong independent women

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10
Q

What was Sewells study called?

A

Fathers, gangs and culture

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11
Q

What does sewell see as the problem?

A

There is a lack of fatherly ‘tough’ love
Black boys find it hard to overcome emotional and behavioural difficulties in adolescence
Street gangs therefore offer love, anti school black masculinity
A lot of black peer pressure

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12
Q

What is a criticism of Sewell?

A

Downplays the impact of racism
Gillborn says it is more to do with institutional racism

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13
Q

What does Lupton argue about Asian families?

A

Adult authority in Asian families is similar to those that operate in schools

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14
Q

What is a statistic on white working class pupils with their achievement compared to ethnic minorities?

A

McCulloh
16,000 pupils found that ethnic groups are more likely to aspire to go to uni than white pupils

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15
Q

What is compensatory education?

A

Tackle cultural deprivation
Aiming high scheme- increase minority ethnic groups in higher education

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16
Q

What is a criticism of the cultural deprivation theory?

A

Nell keddie = victim blaming, minority groups are culturally different, not culturally deprived
They suffer as schools are ethnocentric
Labelling- teachers racist stereotypes
Critical race theorists- institutionally racist education

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17
Q

What did Palmer say about material deprivation and ethnicity?

A
  • almost half of all children from minority ethnic back groups live in low income households
  • twice as likely to be unemployed as white people
  • three more times likely to be homeless
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18
Q

Why may minority groups be at greater risk of material deprivation?

A
  • live in economically depressed areas
  • lack of language skills
  • racial discrimination in labour
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19
Q

What did Rex find about racism in wider society?

A

Leads to social exclusion
In housing, means minorities are more likely to be forced into substandard accommodation

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20
Q

How are black and Asian pupils labelled?

A

Black = disruptive
Asian = passive

21
Q

What did Gillborn and Youdell find about black pupils and discipline?

A

Quicker to discipline black pupils
Racialised expectations
Misinterpreted their behaviour as threatening or a challenge
Stems from racial stereotypes

22
Q

What did Jenny Bourne find about black boys?

A

Teachers see black boys as a threat
Label them negatively
Leads to exclusion
Only one in five excluded populist achieve 5 GCSEs

23
Q

What did Peter Foster find about black pupils and streaming?

A

Place black pupils in lower sets
Streamed based on negative stereotypes which leads to the self fulfilling prophecy

24
Q

What did Wright find about Asian pupils?

A

Asian pupils can be the victim of teacher labels
Assumed they would have a poor grasp of English, use simplistic language when speaking to them
Mispronounce their name

25
Q

Who created the idea pupil?

A

Archer

26
Q

What did archer say about the ideal pupil?

A

White
Middle class
Natural ability

27
Q

What did Archer say teachers are likely to do with ethnic minorities?

A

Likely to either demonise or pathologies them

28
Q

What is Fuller and Mac an Ghaills study about?

A

Pupil responses and subcultures

29
Q

What is Fuller and Mac an Ghaills study called

A

Rejecting negative labels

30
Q

Who was Fuller and Mac an Ghaills study on?

A

A group of black girls
Y11
London
High achievers

31
Q

What happened in Fuller and Mac an Ghaills study?

A

The girls channelled their negative labels and anger into the pursuit of educational success
They conformed to school values

32
Q

What two important points did Fuller and Mac an Ghaills study highlight?

A
  • pupils may still succeed even when they refuse to conform
  • negative labelling does not always lead to failure
33
Q

What is Mirzas study on?

A

Strategies for avoiding racism

34
Q

Who did Mirza study?

A

Ambitious bald girls who faced teacher racism

35
Q

What did Mirza find?

A

Racist teachers discouraged black pupils from being ambiguous through the advice they gave them about careers and option choices

36
Q

What were the three main types of teacher racism Mirza identified?

A
  • the colour blind = teachers who believe all pupils are equal, but allow racism to go unchallenged
  • the liberal chauvinists = teachers who believe black pupils are culturally deprived and have low expectations
  • the overt racists = teachers who believe black pupils are inferior, actively discriminate against them
37
Q

How did pupils react to teacher racism in mirzas study?

A

Being selective about what staff to ask for help
Not choosing certain options to avoid teachers with racist attitudes

38
Q

What did Sewell say about teacher racism?

A

The réponses by black boys

39
Q

What was Sewells study called?

A

The variety of boys responses

40
Q

What were the four responses?

A

The rebels
The conformists
The retreatists
The innovators

41
Q

Who were the rebels?

A

Excluded from schools
Rejected goals and rules of school

42
Q

Who were the conformists?

A

Keens to succeed, didn’t want to be apart of the stereotype

43
Q

Who were the retreatists?

A

Disconnected from school and from subcultures

44
Q

Who were the innovators?

A

Pro education but anti school

45
Q

What is a criticism of labelling and pupil responses?

A

Just the teacher labelling, not the entire school
Don’t always fall victim to self fulfilling prophecy

46
Q

What did Gillborn say about institutional racism with ethnicity?

A

Ethnic inequality is so deep rooted that it is inevitable in the education system

47
Q

Who talked about examples of the ethnocentric curriculum?

A

Troyna and Williams

48
Q

What did Troyna and Williams say about language, literature and music in the ethnocentric curriculum?

A

Ignores non European languages, literature and music

49
Q

What did History Ball say about the ethnocentric curriculum?

A

Promotes little Englandism