Class Differences External Factors Flashcards
What is cultural deprivation?
Pupils lack the basic cultural equipment eg aspirations, motivation, language
What is working class subculture?
Where working class attitudes differ to main stream society
What did Sugarman say about working class subculture?
4 key barriers
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate gratification
Present time orientation
How are these barriers passed down?
In primary socialisation
They exist as working class jobs have less structure
What did Hubbs- Tait et al say about language
When parents use language to challenge their child, it improves intellectual and cognitive development
What did Feinstien say about language?
More highly qualified parents (middle class) use better language and more praise which encourages them
What is a criticism of language?
Troyna and Williams- the problem is not the child’s language but the schools attitude towards it
Who talks about speech codes?
Bernstein
What are the speech codes?
Restricted code
Elaborate code
What is a criticism of speech codes?
Gaine and George
Exaggerate and oversimplify working class and middle class language differences
Who speaks about parents education
Douglas
What did Douglas say?
Working class placed less value on education
Less ambitious for their children
Less likely to visit schools
Middle class have different ways of using their income
How can you tackle cultural deprivation?
Compensatory education
What is compensatory education?
Aim to tackle cultural deprivation by providing resources to schools in deprived areas
What is a criticism of compensatory education?
Insufficient resources
Halsey and Whitty argue they have little impact, as few resources have been allocated
What are the criticisms of cultural deprivation?
Victim blaming- it blames working class for failure
Different, not deprived- Nell Keddie, failure at school can be blamed on a culturally deprived home back ground, it cannot be deprived on its own culture as they are culturally different
What is material deprivation?
Refers to poverty and lack of material necessities such as adequate housing and income
What is apart of material deprivation?
Housing
Diet and health
Financial support and the costs of education
Fear of debt
How does housing affect education?
Overcrowding- harder to study, disturbed sleep
Constant changing of school and disrupted education
Cold or damp housing = I’ll health
Who said diet and health impacted education?
Marilyn Howard
What did Marilyn Howard say?
Young people from poorer homes have lower intake of energy and vitamins
Weakens the immune system
Lead to more absences from school due to illness
How does financial support and the cost of education impact education?
Children from poor families have to do without equipment and miss out on experiences that would enhance educational achievement
What did David Bull say?
‘The costs of free schooling’
Transport, uniforms, books, computers, calculators, sports and equipment- Emily tanner, study in the Oxford area
What is negative about this?
Children may had to have hand me downs or cheaper versions, they may have been isolated, stigmatised or bullied by peers
