Education Policy And Inequality Flashcards
What created the tripartite system?
The 1944 Education Act
What were the three different types of secondary schools?
Grammar schools
Secondary modern schools
Technical schools
How were these identified?
The 11+ exam
Who were grammar schools for?
Pupils with academic ability
Who were secondary modern schools meant for?
Non academic curriculum
Offered manual work
How did the tripartite system reproduce class inequality?
By channelling two social classes into two different types of school
Offered unequal opportunities
High gender inequality by requiring girls to have a higher grade boundary
When was the comprehensive system introduced?
1965
What did the comprehensive school system aim to do?
Overcome the class divide and make education more meritocratic
Abolished the 11+
What do functionalists argue about comprehensive schools?
They promote social integration by bringing different social classes together in one school
More meritocratic
What do Marxists argue about comprehensive schools?
Not meritocratic
Still have streaming and labelling
When did marketisation become a central theme?
1988 Education Reform Act
What are some policies to promote marketisation?
Publication of league tables
OFSTED inspection reports
Business sponsorship of schools
Open endolment
Specialist schools
Formula funding
Schools competing against eachother
What is parentocracy
Rule by parengs
Shift power towards the consumers (parents)
What does publishing league tables do?
Schools that achieve good exam results are more in demand
What does Bartlett argue league tables do?
Cream skimming
Slit shifting
What is cream skimming?
Good schools can be more selective
Choose their own customers
Recruit high achieving, mainly middle class pupils
What is slit shifting?
Good schools avoid taking less able pupils
Who get poor results
Mainly working class
What is formula funding
Allocated funds by how many pupils they get
What does formula funding mean for popular schools?
More funds
Better qualified teachers
Better facilities
What did gewirtz say about parental choice?
By increasing parental choice, marketisation advantages middle class parengs as they can use their economic capital to put them in a Better position for schools to choose their child
How is this shown in Gewirtz study?
By showing three main types of parents
Privileged skilled choosers
Disconnected local choosers
Semi skilled choosers
Who was Gerwirtz study on?
14 london secondary schools
Who were the privileged skilled choosers
Middle class
Used economic capital for their child
Possessed cultural capital
Who were the disconnected local choosers?
Working class
Restricted by lack of economic and cultural capital
Less confident in dealing with schools
Code of travel and distance
Who were the semi skilled choosers?
Mainly working class, but ambitious for their child
Lack cultural deprivation
Who argues about the myth of meritocracy?
Ball
What is the myth of meritocracy?
Where the inequality in education appears as fair and inevitable
What did new labour want to do?
Reduce inequality
What policy’s did New Labour release to reduce inequality?
- designated deprived areas as education action zones by providing them with additional resources
- The Aim Higher programme to raise aspirations
- increased funding for state education
What conservative government policys were made in 2010?
Academies
Free schools
Fragmented centralisation
Policy’s to reduce inequality
What are academies?
Where funding was taken from local authority and given directly to academies by central government
What are free schools?
It gives parents and teachers the opportunity to create a new school
What is a disadvantage of free schools?
Takes fewer disadvantages children from nearby schools
Only benefit children from highly educated families
What is fragmented centralisation?
Fragmentation= the comprehensive system is being replaced by a patchwork, involving private providers, leads to greater inequality in opportunités
What is centralisation of control?
Has the power to allow schools to become academies
Funded by the central government
What police’s have been made to reduce inequality?
Free school meals
The pupil premium- money that schools receive for each pupil from a disadvantaged background
What is the privatisation of education?
Privatisation refers to a transfer of services from being owned by the state to being owned by private companies
What is privatisation and globalisation?
Many private companies in the education services industry and foreign owned
What are some examples of globalisation?
Exam board Drexel is owned by US educational publishing
the UKs four leading educational software companies are owned by global multinationals
What are the types of globalisation?
Ecological globalisation
Cultural globalisation
Increased migration
What is an example of economical globalisation?
Factories going abroad for cheap labour
Meaning peopke in England have to get a higher education to get better jobs for more money
As there are no factories
What is an example of increased migration?
It means Britain is more multi cultural
Changes your experience in education
Learn about different religions in education
More diversity
What is an example of cultural globalisation
Different values are enforced in the country
What is the cola isation of schools?
