Class Differences Internal Factors Flashcards
What are apart of internal factors?
Labelling
Self fulfilling prophecy
Streaming
Pupil subcultures
Pupils class identities
What was Beckers study on labelling?
60 Chicago teachers
They judged pupils according to the ‘ideal pupil’
Pupils work, conduct and appearance were key factors in influencing judgement
Middle class were the closest to the ideal
What did Dunne and Gazeley say?
They normalised the underachievement of working class pupils
Labelled as uninterested wc parents, but mc were supportive
They sent wc pupils for easier exams, saw them as over achieving
What was Ray Rists study?
Tigers, clowns and cardinals
Used information about child’s home background to put them into different groups
Mc = tigers, table close to her for encouragement
Cardinals and clowns were further away, more likely to be working class
What is the self fulfilling prophecy?
A prediction that comes true from a virtue being made
Who said something about the self fulfilling prophecy?
Rosenthal and Jacobson
What did Rosenthal and Jacobson say?
Teacher would change attitude around certain students
If teachers have low expectations of students, the children will develop a negative self concept
What is streaming?
Separating children into different ability groups
Lower stream students have a negative self fulfilling prophecy
What did Gillborn and Youdell say about streaming?
How teachers use stereotypical notions of ability to stream pupils
Working class and black pupils lack ability
Link to exam league tables, need to have a good league table to attract pupils and funding
A-C economy, schools focus in the potential to get five grade Cs to boost their table position
What is educational triage?
Gillborn and Youdell
Schools categories pupils into three types
Who will pass and can be left
Who have potential
Hopeless cases, who are doomed to fail
What are pupil subcultures?
A group of pupils who share similar values and beliefs
What did Lacey talk about?
The concepts of differentiation and polarisation to explain how subcultures developed
What is differentiation?
Teachers categorising pupils to how they perceive their ability
More able are placed in higher ability sets
What is polarisation?
Pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two opposite poles
Pro school subculture and anti school subculture
Who came up with pro school subculture and anti school subculture.
Lacey
Where was Balls study
Beachside, comprehensive that was abolishing streaming
What did ball find?
The basis of polarise students into subcultures vanished
Differentiation continued, teachers still labelled students
Labelling was reflected in the exam results
What pupils responses did Peter woods come up with?
Ingratiation
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rébellion
What is ingratiation
Teachers pet
What is ritualism
Staying out of trouble
What is retreatism
Messing about
What is rebellion
Complete rejection of school values
What are criticism of the labelling theory?
Determinism- students have no choice but to fulfil that prophecy
Marxists ardue that teachers work in a division that reproduces class divisions
What is habitus?
The ways of thinking, being and acting that are shared by a social class
Includes their lifestyle
What is symbolic capital?
Schools possess this
Have recognition with the school
Middle class children
What is symbolic violence?
It is created by symbolic capital
The working class do not possess this and are seen as inferior
Reproduces the class structure
What is the relationship between internal and external factors?
-Working class habitus formed outside May clash with school middle class habitus, results in symbolic violence and feeling like education is not for them
-using restricted code may be labelled by teachers
-poverty may lead to bullying, may lead to truanting and failure inside school
