Ethnic differences: External Flashcards
Summarise class & gender differences between ethnic groups
-Girls & Mc do best
-White achievement close to national average But WC do worst (only 23% WC boys gained A*-C in GCSE)
-White make less progress than black and asian between 11-16
3 main aspects of CD
-Language/ Intellectual/ Linguistic skills
-Attitudes & values
-Family structure and parental support
Bereiter & Engelmann
-Many WC B homes lack intellectual stimulation. poorly equipped
- language spoken inadequate. Ungrammatical, unable to abstractly think
Blackpupils attitudes & values
Black pupils: Fatalistic subculture ‘live for today’, lack of motivation, don’t value education. Unlike mainstream culture of ambition.
Moynihan
New right
-Failure to adequately socialise- Many B families headed by female LPF, deprived of adequate care, financial struggle, dysfunctional.
-See this as a cycle of unstable families-lack of male role model.
Pryce
B Caribbean underachievement, compared to Asian pupils
-Argues they’re higher achievers due to resistance to racism culture, more self worth. B less so, also result of colonisation.
Sewell
-Not absence of role model but fatherly nurturing ‘tough love’ that leads to B boys struggling to overcome emotional difficulties
-Street gangs of other LFP boys = loyalty& love. Anti school subcultures
-Succesful boys say peer pressure hardest barrier.
Gillborn
Criticises Sewell.
-Not peer pressure but institutional racism in education system
Lupton
Family authority in Asian families similar to school model- easier to conform
Study of 4 mostly WC schools
-R focuses on B family structure but white WC often underachieve
-Reported poorer behaviour/discipline for white, blamed on lower level of parental support & negative attitudes unlike ethnic minorities
Example of compensatory education
Aim of Operation Head Start USA
-to compensate children for the cultural deficit said due to deprived backgrounds
Driver
Critique CD theory (oppose compensatory edu)
- Ignores the + effects of ethnicity on achievement. Shows the BC family (far from dysfunctional), provides girls with strong female role model. -Explains why girls tend to do better than boys.
Lawrence
Critique CD theory (oppose compensatory edu)
-Challenges Pryces view that B pupils fail due to weak culture &self esteem. It’s RACISM.
Keddie
Critique CD theory (oppose compensatory edu)
-Victim blaming explanation, argue ethnic minorities are culturally different not deprived.
-Underachievement due to ethnocentric schools: biased towards w culture
What do critiques of CD theory propose
Multicultural education: recognises/includes cultures
Anti racist education: policies to challenge prejudice
Palmer
Four reasons why minority ethnic groups are more likely to suffer material deprivation..
-Almost 1/2 live in wc households. 1/4 white
-2x as likely unemployed
-3x as likely to be homeless
-1/2 Bangladeshi & pakistan workers earn under £7/hour. 1/4 white
Explain Palmers stats
-Many live in economically depressed areas (high unemployment, low wages)
-Cultural factors, traditions prevent women working
-Lack of language skills, foreign qualifications not recognised
-Racial discrimination in labour market/housing
Rank ethnic groups in likelihood to receive free school meals
Bangladeshi, Black African, Pakistan, Black Caribbean, White British
Example of ethnicity more important than class in achievement
-86% chinese girls achieve 5+ GCSEs on free school meals
-compared to 65% White girls
Rex
Racism leads to social exclusion in…
-Housing: Discrimination means ethnic minorities are likely forced into poor housing than white in same class
-Employment: Evidence of deliberate discrimination, negatively impacts children’s education prospects
Wood
Sent out 1000 closely matched job applications
-1 in 16 received an interview (ethnic minorities)
-1 in 9 white received an interview
