ethics reading 5

Question 1

Utilitarianism

Answer 1

greatest good for the greatest number, focusing on outcomes and consequences of business decisions. Ethical course of action is the one that maximises overall happiness and minimises harm.

Question 2

Deontological ethics

Answer 2

based from Emanuel Kant –> duties and rights rather than outcomes. some actions are inherently right or wrong regardless of the outcomes

Question 3

virtue ethics

Answer 3

importance of moral character and virtues –> like honesty, integrity and courage.
focus is on the individuals character rather than rules or consequences

Question 4

Theories in practice

Answer 4

utilitarianism is often used in business due to its focus on outcomes and efficiency, however can lead to ethical dilemmas when the rights of certain groups are sacrificed for the greater good.
in Contrast deontological ethics focusses on fairness and adherence to universal moral principles.
Use these ethical principles in combination

Question 5

Stakeholder theory in ethical decision making

Answer 5

focusing on the interests of all parties affected.

Question 6

chapter 4

Answer 6

discusses the challenges businesses face when attempting to implement ethical practices in complex, real world situations.

Question 7

factors influencing ethical decision making

Answer 7

individual factors –>moral development, personal values play a role in decision making
drawing on kohl bergs stages of moral development–> individuals pass through different stages of moral development

Question 8

factors influencing ethical decision making

Answer 8

organisational factors–> corporate culture, leadership and organisational structure influence ethical behaviour. strong ethical culture is more likely to encourage ethical decision making.
External factors –> like regulations and laws.

Question 9

Issue continent model

Answer 9

by Thomas Jones suggests the moral intensity of an issue affects how individuals approach ethical dilemmas.

Question 10

ethical decision making process model.

Answer 10

systematic process businesses can do to make the correct ethical decision.

Question 11

whistleblowing

Answer 11

extract disciples the risks and challenges that individuals face when exposing unethical behaviour within organisations.