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Ethics > Ethics:Medical Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics:Medical Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of sanctity of life?

A

Life is sacred and belongs to God. Should be respected because God made all human life unique and special. Implies that life is God given + only god can take it away

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2
Q

Definition of pro-life

A

Against abortions (foetus has a right to life)

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3
Q

Definition of pro-choice?

A

In support of abortion(mother has a choice), it’s her body so she can decide

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4
Q

Definition of euthanasia?

A

Easy death

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5
Q

Definition of easy death?

A

Euthanasia

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6
Q

Definition of IVF?

A

In virto fertilisation. Conception of a human embryo outside the womb. Used when a couple are unable to conceive naturally

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7
Q

Definition of DNA cloning?

A

Identical copies of a life made from DNA

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8
Q

Definition of voluntary euthanasia?

A

Asking someone to help you die

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9
Q

Definition of involuntary euthanasia?

A

When doctors and/or relatives decide to end your life eg life support machine, coma, the person is not able to make the decision.

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10
Q

Definition of AIH?

A

Artificial insemination by husband. Used when a woman is unable to conceive naturally eg blocked fallopian tubes.

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11
Q

Definition of quality of life?

A

A life free from pain and suffering. Some Christians have this view bcos they think were allowed to use our judgement to make decisions about ending life bcos a benevolent god wouldn’t want us to suffer. Think it’s more humane and loving to end their life. (Love thy neighbour)

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12
Q

Definition of NAVS?

A

National Anti-vivisection Society

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13
Q

Definition of playing God?

A

Demeaning or undermining God

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14
Q

Views on abortion?

A

Some believe foetus is a human life from conception+should be treated with respect. Others believe that foetus is not human until it can survive outside the womb and can be ended with no problems

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15
Q

Fact on abortion?

A

In the UK abortion is allowed until 24 weeks of development under the Abortion Act 1967

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16
Q

Catholic views on abortion?

A

Against abortion bcos they believe God created life and it’s sacred. Unborn baby should have same rights as others. They believe it’s better to go through pregnancy then give it up for adoption to help a childless couple.

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17
Q

Facts on catholic views on abortion?

A

Sixth commandment “do not kill”. Quote from Jeremiah “Before I formed you I knew you, before you were born I set you apart” implying god has a plan for everyone and interfering would disrupts Gods plans

18
Q

Protestants views on abortion?

A

Believe life is sacred but there are times when abortions necessary. “Love thy neighbour”-> woman is your neighbour and should think of her needs

19
Q

When do Protestants think abolition is acceptable?

A

Acceptable if:
Baby was a result of rape
Baby was handicapped
Mothers life was in danger

20
Q

Other views on abortion?

A

Others may agree with Protestant view and argue that ultimately if the mother is the carrier and life-support of the child it’s her choice.

21
Q

Definition of abortion?

A

The termination of a foetus before it can survive outside the womb

22
Q

Catholic Church and Church of England view on euthanasia?

A

Think it’s morally wrong bcos:
Body is seen as a temple
“You shall not murder”
Only God owns life so only he can take it away(sanctity of life)
Suffering is seen as having a purpose in life

23
Q

Catholic Church and Church of England view on life-preserving medical treatment?

A

It’s acceptable to refuse it to let nature take it’s course. Catholic Church accepts death as part of a ‘double effect’ which is idea that medicine can be used to relieve pain but side effect is to speed up death.

24
Q

Christian view on hospice movement?

A

Supports the hospice movement which helps people die with dignity, a place where the terminally ill are cared for in comfortable surroundings

25
Q

What do most churches believe about suicide?

A

They believe that people who feel suicidal should receive support and guidance. In the past, people who committed suicide were not buried in holy ground bcos it was believe the person had no faith in God to care for and help them

26
Q

Christian views on euthanasia and suicide?

A

Some like the Quakers believe if suffering greatly should be allowed to die. In the past Quakers buried suicide victims. They believe in ‘quality of life’ whereas some believe love+support should be given.

27
Q

Example of euthanasia and suicide?

A

If someone has motor neurone disease it could be viewed as the person has suffered enough+the loving thing to do would be to honour their wishes. Jesus taught ‘love your neighbour as yourself’

28
Q

Other views on euthanasia and suicide?

A

Many of the religious commands don’t apply to atheists so they may view it as putting an animal out of its misery, loving thing to do. Could argue that God had given human knowledge to reduce suffering then you could argue that we could use techniques to help ppl die as part of our medical processes.

29
Q

Definition of AID?

A

Artificial insemination by donor. Used when one person in couple is infertile.

30
Q

Biblical views against IVF?

A

Some Christians would say IVF is ‘playing God’ and going against nature intended. Bible quote ‘Hannah had no children because The Lord had closed her womb’. Some Christians say this shows God has plans for some to remain childless.

31
Q

Biblical views for IVF?

A

Other Christians would argue that a loving God would want people to use technology to have children. They would emphasise how in Bible Jesus healed those who needed therefore God would support ‘healing’ using modern technology techniques.

32
Q

Controversies of IVF?

A

Alike abortion, human embryos are destroyed one mother has no use for them, could be potential lives, destroying them seen as murder.
Process of AID seen as adultery bcos involves a 3rd party. Breaks 7th comm.. ‘Do not commit adultery’.

33
Q

An alternate to IVF?

A

An alternative is adoption, seen as more loving as involves looking after unwanted child.

34
Q

Definition of reproductive cloning?

A

Used to produce animal that has same DNA as other animal. Animal is cloned from cell of another+transferred to female animal so that it can develop until birth

35
Q

Definition of therapeutic cloning?

A

Embryo cloning. Production of human embryos in order to gather stem cells for use in research. Destroys embryo but stem cells used to study human development and disease.

36
Q

Response to cloning?

A

Destruction of embryos seen as murder. Only God is giver of life(sanctity of life+playing God).

Gods given us intelligence to use science to develop cloning, cure diseases. Seen as loving act as purpose is to save lives. Some have no problem with therapeutic cloning as Thomas Aquinas views was forties received soul after 40 days, embryos only used for first 14 days of development then disposed

37
Q

Example of animal used in medical research?

A

Using the armadillo, scientists been able to develop vaccine against leprosy. Pigs led to insights on stroke research.

38
Q

Christian teachings/views in animals in medical research?

A

Humans are most important part of God creation. We given responsibility over them and authority to control them.We have soul+potential to go to heaven, animals don’t. Adam named animals according to book of Genesis in bible showing authority of them. In gospel of Mark, jesus healed a man possessed by demons by sending them to heard of pigs. We also have responsibility to ensure animals are cared for and not abused.

39
Q

Other views on animals in medical research?

A

The NAVS says that thru studying human disease and physiology it’s possible to see even members of same species react differently to same drug+medicine

40
Q

Evidence of NAVS view?

A

The National Cancer Institute tested 12 anti-cancer drugs currents being used successfully used in humans on laboratory mice. 63% of the drugs were ineffective. NAVS used these results to shows how there’s no guarantee medical research in animal will necessary benefit humans.

Ethics (4 decks)

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