Ethics in psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

First book on medical ethics

A
  • Ishaq bin Ali Rahawi

- book called Adab al-Tabib (conduct of a physician) from 9th century

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hammurabi code

A
  • first attempt in history to codify medical competence and legal liabiity for negligence
  • not a code of ethics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Charaka

A
  • ancient Indian physician
  • earliest medical ethics relevant to modern medicine
  • 4 ethical principles
    1. friendship
    2. sympathy
    3. interest
    4. no attachment to the patient after their recovery
  • always strive to acquire knowledge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Higher order principles

A

Deontology and teleology are two alternative higher-order ethical principles regarding medical practice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deontology

A
  • Deon is greek for duty
  • Rules govern medical practice
  • rights and duties determine action and so it is absolutism
  • -according to Ross, some duties are right because of their very nature e.g telling the truth- these are prima facie duties
  • other duties are right in particular circumstances- duty proper
    e. g GMC good medical practice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Teleology

A
  • teleon is greek for ‘purpose’
  • -people have interests, whether these are concerns, desires or needs
  • accordingly a broad judgement of benefits and harm determine medical practice
  • the right action is the one that has the best foreseeable consequences
  • also known as consequentialism or utilitarianism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Utilitarianism

A
  • right action for best foreseeable consequences
  • act utilitarianism: deals with a specific act only
  • rule utilitarianism: deals with general practices for which rules can be established
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Prima Facie principles

A
  • Beaucheamp and Childress, Gillon
    1. autonomy
    2. beneficence
    3. non-maleficence
    4. justice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Paternalistic model

A

-doctor knows best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Informative model

A
  • doctor is seen as a dispenser of information

- choice is left to patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Interpretative model

A
  • doctor might have treated the patient for a long time and know them well and so understands them
  • shared decision making
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Deliberative model

A
  • doctor may act as friend and counselor
  • gives information and advises on course of action
  • used in lifestyle modification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Direct ethics

A

-to determine the ethical behaviour we should assess the act -what has to be done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Indirect ethics

A

-about the character of the moral agent choosing these actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pragmatic ethics

A

emphasis on achieving success and reaching a goal with little concern on how this is achieved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Humanistic ethics

A

emphasis is on doing what’s best for society

-dominates ethical theory overwhelmingly

17
Q

The golden mean of Aristotle

A

in most cases ethical behaviour lies between extremes, along the range of excess and deficiency

18
Q

Nuremberg code

A
  • ethical human experimentation can only take place if consent is given and study is terminated if harm is being done over good
  • subject can withdraw at any point and the research must be for the common good of society
19
Q

Declaration of Geneva

A

-modification of the Hippocratic Oath, intended to highlight the dedication of medical profession for the cause of humanitarian goals

20
Q

Declaration of Helsinki

A

-addresses clinical research

21
Q

Tuskegee Syphilis study

A
  • African American males were given syphilis and not told they had it or that it was treatable
  • studying the natural course of syphilis
  • died of syphilis
22
Q

Willowbrook School Study

A
  • mentally handiapped children were given hepatitis after their parents gave consent for vaccines
  • only consenting families were allowed to go to the school
23
Q

Jewish Chronic Disease hospital

A

-chronically ill patients who did not have cancer were injected with cancerous human liver cells

24
Q

Tearoom Trade Study

A
  • Laud Humphries followed up many men who had anonymous sex in public places by tracing their number plates after falsely befriending them
  • no explicit informed consent