Culture bound syndromes

Question 1

Amok

Answer 1

• F68 disorder of personality and behaviour
• dissociative not psychotic
• starts with a sullen period followed by an outburst of violent and sometimes homicidal behaviour
• seen ins Malaysia, Laos, Phillipeans, Papua New Guinea and Peurto Rico

Question 2

Ataque de nervios

Answer 2

• F45 somatoform
• an attack of distress wherin sudden shouting,crying, beating oneself and panic attacks occur with a sense of being out of control
• may have loss of consciousness or amnesia afterwards
• related to stress
• similar to dissociative trance
• hispanic

Question 3

Berdache

Answer 3

• North America

- term for a male who has assumed the female gender role

Question 4

Bouffee delirante

Answer 4

• seen in french speaking nations where a sudden outburst of agitated and aggressive behaviour, confusion resembling an episode of brief psychotic disorder
• Haiti and west africa

Question 5

Brain fag

Answer 5

• West Africa
• seen in students who have difficulties concentrating, remembering and thinking
• type of somatoform illness

Question 6

Dhat

Answer 6

• India/ SE Asia
• F48/F45 neurotic disorder/somatoform autonomic
• semenal discharge results in feeling weak
• called shenkui in china
• 40 drops of blood to create one drop of bone marrow and 40 drops of bone marrow to create a drop of sperm

Question 7

Frigophobia- Pa-leng or Pa-feng

Answer 7

• morbid fear of feeling cold/ wind due to yin-yang imbalance
• excessive yin leads to pa-leng or pa-feng
• Oriental men wrap them selves up to avoid cold and eat warm foods
• pa-leng is fear of cold
• pa-feng is fear of wind
• F40 specific phobias

Question 8

Koro (turtle head)

Answer 8

• Malaysia, SE Asia
• F48/45 nuerotic disorder/somatoform autonomic
• sudden epsidoe of intense anxiety that the penis will recede into the body and may cause death
• can cause epidemics

Question 9

Latah

Answer 9

• Mayalsia and SE Asia
• middle aged women
• hypersensitivity to sudeen fright, often with echopraxia, echolalia, obedience and dissociation or trancelike behaviour
• F48/44 neurotic/dissociative

Question 10

Mal de ojo

Answer 10

-mediterranean concept of evil eye affecting children with physical symptoms

Question 11

Nerfiza or Nevra

Answer 11

Egypt, greece, central america

• chronic episodes of extreme sorrow and anxiety inducing somatic complaints such as headache, muscle pain etc
• more common in women
• treated with herbal teas

Question 12

Piblokto

Answer 12

• F44 dissociative
• dissociative episode with excitement often followed by seizures and coma lasting up to 12 hours
• may be withdrawn before the attack and usually amnesia for the episode
• may tear off clothing, jump in freezing water. eat faeces
• eskimos- inuits

Question 13

Shinkeishitsu

Answer 13

‘nervous traits’ in Japanese

-syndrome of obsessions, compulsive perfectionism, social withdrawn, extreme sensitivity and neurasthenia

Question 14

Susto

Answer 14

• F38/F45 neurotic disorder/somatoform autonomic
• latin america
• attributed to a frightening event that causes the soul to leave the body and results in unhappiness and sickness

Question 15

Tajin-kyofu-shou

Answer 15

-F40.1/40.8 social phobia
=Japanese psychiatric syndrome
-fear of losing goodwill of others due to imagined shortcomings in oneself
-can develop to anthopophobia= fear of people
4 types: sekimen kyofu- phobia of blushing, shubo-kyifu- phobia of deformed body, jikoshisen-kyofu- phobia of eye to eye contact, jikoshu-kyofu- phobia of one’s own foul body odour

Question 16

Ufufuyane or Amafufunyane

Answer 16

• seen in Keny and Southern Africa
• Anxiety state attributed to the effects of magical potions (given to them by rejected lovers) or spirit possession
• characteristic sobbing, repeated neologisms, paralysis, trance-like states or loss of consciousness in young, unmarried women who may also experience nightmares with sexual themes and rarely temporary blindness

Question 17

Windigo

Answer 17

F 68 personality and behaviour
Involves intense craving for human flesh and the fear that one will turn into a cannibal
Seen in Algonquian Indian cultures- north america

Question 18

Pathogenic effect

Answer 18

-culture directly causes psychopathology

Question 19

Pathoselective effect

Answer 19

-culture causes certain traits e.g culturally sanctioned suicide of wife when husband dies prematurely

Question 20

Pathoplastic

Answer 20

-culture influences the manifestation e.g delusional content

Question 21

Pathoelaborating

Answer 21

-culture reinforces behavioural reactions

Question 22

Pathofacilitative

Answer 22

-culture beliefs affect the frequency of onset by facilitating risk factors

Question 23

pathoreactive

Answer 23

• culture affects the treatment, stigma and outcome

- prognosis of schizophrenia is better in developing than developed nations