Ethics & Guidelines Flashcards
What are the four psychological guidelines?
RIRC
Respect
Integrity
Responsibility
Competence
Define Respect
Being willing to explain the ethics of any study or practise and maintaining the dignity of others particularly in regards to cultural, role and individual differences
Explain the ethical principle respect?
Recognising inherent worth of all human beings and are all worthy of equal moral consideration, compassion, empathy and sympathy
Explain Privacy and Confidentiality within Respect
-information should always be kept private and stored securely
-wherever possible confidentiality should be in place as participants cannot be identified- this allows them to anonymous
-if anonymity cannot be achieved other steps should be taken to try and maintain privacy eg using a pseudonym, initials or numbers
Explain Informed Consent within respect
WHEN PEOPLE AGREE TO PARTICIPATE IN RESEARCH THEY MUST BE INFORMED OF:
-studies purpose and procedures
-studies potential benefits
-potential risks to participants
-the right to decline participation and withdraw at any time
-if responses are confidential and if not how privacy will be safeguarded
(If an individual cannot give informed consent ie children, it can be gained from a parent or guardian)
EXPLAIN self determination within Respect
(Right to withdraw)
-Freedom for the participant to drop out of a study at any time without a penalty
-It’s important because some participants might feel pressure into continuing the study
-prevents participants from feeling embarrassed about their results
Define Competence
Level of ability of the researcher or practitioner in regards to what they are attempting to do
Explain the ethical principle competence?
Requires specialist knowledge, training, skill and experience
Important to work within the recognised limits of their knowledge
What is competence within competence?
-matters of professional ethics and decision - making
- knowing the limits of their competence and potentially needing to refer to another professional
-caution on making knowledge claims
-maintaining technical and practical skills
What are ethics?
Moral principle that govern a persons behaviour or the conducting of an activity
Establishing wrong / right behaviour what’s within best interest for individuals and society, guide for daily life as for how to act and behave
Establishing rules, conducts and values on which we base our behaviour on
Define responsibility
Taking care of the participants and doing them no harm
They must also assess harm in debrief and take steps to put things right if there’s and issue
what is the ethical principle Responsibility?
- must accept appropriate responsibility for what is within their power, control or management
-ensuring trust of others is not abused, power of influence is properly managed
- professional accountability responsible use of knowledge and skills
- respect for welfare of humans, non humans and the living world
What is debriefing within Responsibility ?
PATIENT SHOULD BE RETURNED TO THE SAME STATE AS BEFORE
Patients should get full debrief:
- explaining background of research
- ensuring the research causes no harm
- providing the true aims of the study if deception is necessary
what is psychological / physical harm when it comes to Responsibility?
-research should not make people feel stigmatised or question themselves in any negative way
- no research should cause any mental or physical harm
- distress can be caused by procedure or subject matter
- participants should be fully aware of what is involved if the research is sensitive
-HOWEVER sensitive topics need to be researched (to reduce impact on patient)
Give examples of risk management
Examples of situations where risk is high in psychological research
VULNERABLE PPTS: children >18, adults that lack capacity or that are in unequal relationships
SENSITIVE TOPIC: sensitive in nature, sexuality, experience of violence, research on ethnicity and gender
DECEPTION: self explanatory
RECORDS: private info (like medical ie)
SENSITIVE DATA: employee/student data
BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES: like blood
HARM: procedures causing pain, distress & harm
EXPERIENCES: research using hypnosis, exercise, invasive techniques
LABELLING: results lead ppts to self labelling (poor memory, low IQ)
