Ethics Final Exam Flashcards
deliberative communities
Communities/Groups of people who discuss popular topics to make informed decisions.
Definition of Ethics.Ethics as Branch of Philosophy
Understanding what is morally right or wrong. Provides frameworks for making ethical decisions in different aspects of life.
Ethics VS Morality
Ethics focuses on how these beliefs apply to society; Morality deals with personal beliefs about right and wrong
Descriptive VS Prescriptive (Questions and Claims)
Descriptive questions and claims describe how things are, while prescriptive ones suggest how things should be done
Metacognition
Understanding how you think
Porritt’s View of Judgmental VS Condemning
Judging is forming opinions, while condemning is expressing strong disapproval
Creativity’s Role in Ethics (Porritt)
Creativity helps find new solutions to ethical problems
Spirals of Silence (Noelle-Newman)
People often stay quiet about unpopular views to avoid feeling left out, making popular opinions seem even more dominant
Moral VS Practical Dilemmas
Moral dilemmas involve choices between right and wrong, while practical dilemmas involve choosing the best option among competing choices
Audre Lorde’s Regrets
She believed in living authentically and standing up for social justice.
Randy and Jai Pausch’s Moral Dilemma and Deliberative Community - Doctors, Friends, etc.
With tough choices about Randy’s treatment he sought advice from doctors, friends, and others to make decisions together.
Murray and Nuland’s Contribution
contributed greatly to medicine, especially in end of life care and medical ethics
Process Judgements
evaluating how well things are going during a process
Two Types of Moral Dilemmas
ethical/moral dilemmas involve choosing between right and wrong, while practical dilemmas involve choosing the best option among competing choices
Emotional Remainder
The lingering feeling you have after something happens.
Walker’s View on Comforting as an Art
Suggesting comforting takes skill and sensitivity to support others in tough times.
Children Facing Death
Children need special care, support, and understanding to navigate their emotions and experiences surrounding mortality
Working Definition of Integrity
being honest, doing whats right and sticking to your values, even when no one is looking
Sissela Bok - trust, truth VS truthfulness
Trust is about relying on others, truth is about accuracy, and truthfulness is about honesty.
Lying and Power according to Bok
Powerful people may lie to maintain control, while those without power may lie to protect themselves. This damages trust and ethics.
How does Bok define deception?
Intentionally misleading others by distorting or hiding information to make them believe something false.
How does Bok define lie?
A statement made with intentions to deceive, knowing that what is said is not valid.
Why does Bok say deception and lying are wrong?
Bok believes deception and lying are wrong because they destroy trust and can lead to harm or injustice.
What does Bok say are two forms of deliberate assault on human beings?
Violence and deception
Bok’s Parents and Moral Dilemma
Wether to use deception during WWII to protect Jewish refugees they were sheltering
Ferrucci and Kindness
The importance of kindness is shown in how it can make us happier and improve our relationships.
Empathy (Hoffman)
Understanding and sharing the feelings of others
Achieving Disagreement
being able to express differing opinions respectfully during a discussion
Calling Out VS Calling In
Calling out is when you publicly criticize someone’s behavior while. Calling in addresses the issue more privately or gently.
Genuine VS False Agreement
genuine agreement means really agreeing, while false agreement is pretending to agree when you don’t.
Achieving Disagreement - Civility and Doubt
discussing things respectfully while being open to considering different viewpoint
Healthy Guilt, Obedience-Based Guilt (Healthy VS Unhealthy)
Healthy guilt is feeling bad when you’ve done something wrong and want to make it right. Obedience-based guilt is feeling bad because you broke a rule or disappointed someone.
Principle of Charity
assuming the best intentions and interpreting others’ words or arguments in the most reasonable way, even if they are not clear or seem flawed.
Logical Fallacies - recognize examples
Errors in reasoning that weekend arguments. Attacking someone rather than arguing.
Self-Deception
someone tricks themselves into believing something that’s not true, usually to avoid facing uncomfortable realities or to protect their feelings.
Bandura & Rationalization, Bandura’s Conclusion
People often justify their actions with rationalizations, using them to protect their self-image even when they’ve done something they feel is wrong.
Hermeneutics
Figuring out what texts mean. It involves considering who wrote them, when they were written, and who’s reading them. Different methods, like looking at history or literary style, help us understand texts better. It’s basically about understanding written communication.
Kantianism
Emphasizes following universal moral principles, treating people with respect, and acting out of duty rather than for personal gain.
