Ethics Exam 2

Question 1

Good Will, Categorical Imperative

Answer 1

doing something because its the right thing to do, you should only do something if you’d be okay with everyone doing it.

Question 2

Hypothetical Imperatives

Answer 2

“if you want good grades, then you study hard”

Question 3

Acts for the Sake of Duty VS In Accordance of Duty

Answer 3

The action can be morally correct, the motivation might now be solely based on duty; other factors could be involved

Question 4

Morally Binding Duties

Answer 4

they are rules we should all follow to be fair and just

Question 5

Kant - Dilemmas Between Duties?

Answer 5

Think about each duty carefully and pick the best one that follows moral rules. Finding the right choice, even when tough

Question 6

Practical Imperative

Answer 6

you should act in a way that you would want everyone else to act, recognizing the value of each person

Question 7

Utilitarianism - Bentham and Mills

Answer 7

Actions are good if they make the most people happy. Betham cared more about quantity of happiness, Mills believed in both quantity and quality

Question 8

Principle of Utility

Answer 8

about maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering

Question 9

Kant VS Bentham

Answer 9

Kant focused on duty and universal principles in ethics, while Bentham emphasized maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering.

Question 10

Jonathan Swift’s Modest Proposal

Answer 10

To solve problems in Ireland, people should sell their children as food. He is actually criticizing how the British treat Ireland and the poor.

Question 11

Greatest Happiness Principle

Answer 11

actions are good if they make the most people happy and reduce suffering

Question 12

Stopping the Tyranny of the Majority

Answer 12

Protecting everyone’s rights is not just the most common option.

Question 13

Act VS Rule Utilitarianism

Answer 13

The act utilitarian considers only the results or consequences of the single act while the rule utilitarian considers the consequences that result of following a rule of conduct .

Question 14

The Principle of Obliquity

Answer 14

Aiming directly for a goal might not be the most effective way to achieve it

Question 15

Happiness Lessons from the Ancients

Answer 15

Encourages a holistic approach to well-being that encompasses both physical and mental aspects of life.

Question 16

Csikszentmihalyi, “When do people feel most happy?”

Answer 16

finding activities that provide a sense of flow for maximizing happiness and fulfillment in life.

Question 17

Virtue Ethics

Answer 17

Strive for excellence in their character and to act in ways that promote human flourishing and well-being.

Question 18

Aristotle’s View on Humanity

Answer 18

the importance of rationality, virtue, and social connection in leading a good life.

Question 19

Aristotle’s View of Flourishing

Answer 19

Living a virtuous life, realizing one’s potential, and actively participating in a supportive and interconnected community.

Question 20

Virtue VS Excess and Deficiency

Answer 20

avoiding both excess and deficiency by finding the right balance in character traits and actions.

Question 21

Tessman’s Burdened Virtues

Answer 21

virtues like care and compassion can sometimes be difficult to practice because they require individuals to deal with complex moral challenges and emotional burdens, especially in unfair or oppressive situations.

Question 22

Buddhist Ethics

Answer 22

guide individuals towards greater awareness, compassion, and moral responsibility in their thoughts, words, and actions.

Question 23

The Story of Hakuin

Answer 23

Emphasized meditation and practical application in daily life, and they still inspire people today.

Question 24

Presenting Problems VS Underlying Problems

Answer 24

By addressing both the presenting and underlying problems, individuals can work towards more comprehensive and lasting solutions.

Question 25

Four Noble Truths

Answer 25

diagnose the problem of suffering, identify its causes, offer hope for its cessation, and outline a path to achieve liberation from suffering.

Question 26

Eightfold Path

Answer 26

guiding practitioners towards a life of wisdom, ethical conduct, and mental cultivation.

Question 27

Buddhist Virtues(8)

Answer 27

Right View, Right Resolve, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Effort, Right Mindfulness, and Right Concentration

Question 28

Buddhist Moral Precepts

Answer 28

don’t hurt others, don’t steal, be faithful, speak truthfully, stay sober

Question 29

Aristotle, Political, and Unlikely Friendship

Answer 29

People who are very difference can still be friends if they have common goals or values. Friendship can bring people together no matter their difference

Question 30

Mental Complexity - Self Transforming Mind, Self-Authoring Mind, etc.

Answer 30

Mental complexity is how deep we think, self-transforming mind is when we can change and grow, while self-authoring mind is when we know ourselves and can pursue our goals independently

Question 31

The Common Good - in ethical deliberations

Answer 31

Reminds us think beyond ourselves and consider whats best for everyone in our community or society

Question 32

WCU’s Mission Statement and its relevance to ethical theory

Answer 32

the university demonstrates its dedication to fostering an ethical culture and preparing students to make ethical decisions in their personal and professional lives

Question 33

Four Views of the Common Good

Answer 33

utilitarian, egalitarian, communitarian, libertarian

Question 34

Plato and Aristotle’s View on the Common Good

Answer 34

Plato’s view was more idealistic and hierarchical, centered around the rule of the philosophers. In contrast, Aristotle’s view was more practical and focused on cultivating virtues and excellence within a participatory political framework.

Question 35

Critiques of the Common Good Approach

Answer 35

Individual rights, definition challenges, clarity issues, majority rule problems, and cultural differences.

Question 36

The Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 36

self-interest can lead to the destruction of shared resources.

Question 37

Social Contract Theory

Answer 37

societies form, and why people agree to follow the rules and laws, government exists to serve the people and protect their rights.

Question 38

Equity

Answer 38

Making sure everyone has an equal chance to do well, especially those who face

Question 39

Key Thinkers in Social Contract Theory

Answer 39

thomas hobbes, john locke, jean jacques rousseau

Question 40

Rawls and Veil of Ignorance

Answer 40

It encourages people to imagine making decisions about society without knowing their own place in it. By doing this, they can create fair and just principles that benefit everyone, regardless of their personal circumstances.

Question 41

The Liberty Principle

Answer 41

Emphasized the importance of equal basic rights and liberties for all members of society.

Question 42

The Difference Principle

Answer 42

Arranging social and economic inequalities to benefit the least advantaged members of society. It aims to create a fair and just society with equal opportunities to succeed.

Question 43

Critiques of Rawls

Answer 43

Highlights the concern for feasibility, treatment of historical injustices, and global issues.

Question 44

Oppression Readings - Porritt, Frye, McIntosh, Sample Student Paper, Heterosexual Privilege

Answer 44

Porritt: Talks about environmental issues and how they can oppress people.

Frye: Discusses how oppression works through systems of power.

McIntosh: Explores how white people have privileges that others don’t.

Sample Student Paper: An example of a student’s writing about oppression or privilege.

Heterosexual Privilege: Explains the advantages straight people have over LGBTQ+ individuals.

Question 45

Blue River Declaration

Answer 45

Keeping the earth clean is our duty.