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Ethics > Ethics Final > Flashcards

Ethics Final Flashcards

1
Q

If an argument is valid, then

A

If the premises are all true, the conclusion must be true

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2
Q

If God exists, then all is well. All is not well. Therefore God does not exist.

Valid or Invalid?

A

Valid

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3
Q

If God exists, then all is well. All is not well. Therefore God does not exist

This is an example of

a. ) Modus Ponens
b. ) Modus Tollens
c. ) Denying the Antecedent
d. ) Affirming the Consequent

A

Modus Tollens

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4
Q

If an argument is sound, its conclusion is true

True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

If an argument is valid, it is also sound

True or False?

A

False

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6
Q

If an argument is sound, it is also valid

True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

Ethical relativism is descriptive

True or False?

A

False

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8
Q

If different cultures have different moral standards, then ethical relativism is true

True or False?

A

False

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9
Q

If ethical relativism is true, a culture cannot advance or decline morally

True or False?

A

True

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10
Q

If ethical relativism is true, a moral reformer who challenges a culture’s morals is always wrong.

True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

If something is the case, it ought to be the case.

True or False?

A

False

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12
Q

Different cultures have different moral standards is descriptive

True or False?

A

True

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13
Q

Ethical relativism is the view that different cultures do in fact have different moral standards

True or False?

A

False

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14
Q

If something is valuable intrinsically, it is valuable in itself

True or False?

A

True

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15
Q

If something is valuable extrinsically, it is valuable as a means to something else

True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

Descriptive ethics is the scientific study of moral beliefs and practices. It is descriptive in that the aim is to say what is, not what ought to be

True or False?

A

True

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17
Q

Normative ethics is the study of the principles, rules, or theories that guide our actions or judgments. It is normative in the aim is not merely to say what is the case, but what ought to be

True or False?

A

True

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18
Q

Egoism and utilitarianism are both consequentialist theories

True or False?

A

True

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19
Q

“We want to look out for ourselves” is descriptive

True or False?

A

True

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20
Q

“We ought to look out only for ourselves” is normative

True or False?

A

True

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21
Q

We want to look out for ourselves, therefore we ought to look out only for ourselves

Which fallacy does the argument commit?

a. ) Denying the antecedent
b. ) Affirming the consequent
c. ) The is/ought fallacy
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

The is/ought fallacy

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22
Q

Psychological egoism is descriptive

True or False?

A

True

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23
Q

Ethical egoism tells us never to consider the interests of others

True or False?

A

False

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24
Q

Ethical egoism tells us to do always what we want to do

True or False?

A

False

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25
Q

Psychological egoism is the view that

a. ) We ought to do what we want
b. ) We ought to help others
c. ) We ought not do what we want
d. ) God helps those who help themselves
e. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

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26
Q

If psychological egoism is true, ethical egoism is true as well

True or False?

A

False

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27
Q

According to the text and the lecture, experience teaches us that there is always a self-interested motive for every action

True or False?

A

False

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28
Q

According to the text and the lecture, if a person will derive satisfaction or pleasure from an action, that fact alone means the act is egoistic

True or False?

A

False

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29
Q

Utilitarianism is the view that the right action is the one that provides the most favorable balance of good minus bad for oneself

True or False?

A

False

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30
Q

Utilitarianism is a non-consequentialist view

True or False?

A

False

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31
Q

“Pleasure alone is intrinsically valuable” is normative

True or False?

A

True

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32
Q

Hedonism is the view that pleasure alone is intrinsically valuable

True or False?

A

True

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33
Q

Mill is a hedonist

True or False?

A

True

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34
Q

Bentham is a hedonist

True or False?

A

True

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35
Q

Utilitarianism is a hedonist view

True or False?

A

True

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36
Q

Mill rejects utilitarianism, calling it a doctrine worthy only of swine.

True or False?

A

False

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37
Q

Which of the following is one of Bentham’s 7 characteristics of pleasure?

a. ) Intensity
b. ) Duration
c. ) Fecundity
d. ) How many are affected
e. ) All of the above are among Bentham’s characteristics

A

All of the above are among Bentham’s characteristics

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38
Q

When Mill says that the utilitarian standard gives moral consideration to all sentient creations, he means

a. ) All humans
b. ) Only rational humans
c. ) Anything that can feel pain or pleasure
d. ) All rational animals

A

Anything that can feel pain or pleasure

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39
Q

Because utilitarianism is a theory that makes claims about right and wrong

a. ) It is a descriptive theory
b. ) It is a normative theory
c. ) It is a consequentialist theory
d. ) It is a hedonist theory
e. ) All of the above

A

It is a normative theory

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40
Q

If a statement is normative

a. ) It is merely a matter of opinion
b. ) It is descriptive
c. ) It is prescriptive
d. ) None of the above

A

It is prescriptive

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41
Q

Which of the following would Mill regard as a higher pleasure?

a. ) Enjoying a beautiful painting
b. ) Drinking water when thirsty
c. ) Eating food when hungry
d. ) None of the above

A

Enjoying a beautiful painting

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42
Q

Bentham believes the total quantity of pleasure alone matters when reasoning morally

True or False?

A

True

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43
Q

Mill believes the total quantity of pleasure alone matters when reasoning morally

True or False?

A

False

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44
Q

If God exists then all is well. God exists. Therefore all is well

The argument is valid or invalid?

A

Valid

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45
Q

If God exists then all is well. God exists. Therefore all is well

The argument is an example of

a. ) Modus ponens
b. ) Modus tollens
c. ) Denying the antecedent
d. ) Affirming the consequent

A

Modus Ponens

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46
Q

One of the problems raised against utilitarianism concerns justice. What is the problem?

a. ) An unjust act might promote more utility than a just act
b. ) Utilitarians are unjust people
c. ) There are no actions that are just
d. ) The surest way to make people unhappy is to treat them justly

A

An unjust act might promote more utility than a just act

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47
Q

According to rule utilitarianism, the government should rule people harshly because doing so promotes the greatest good for the greatest number.

True or False?

A

False

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48
Q

Which of the following are said to be problems with utilitarianism?

a. ) According to utilitarianism, moral truths are absolutes and absolutes can sometimes conflict
b. ) Violating a particular person’s rights might promote more utility then respecting them
c. ) Utilitarianism makes an arbitrary distinction between humans and nonhumans

A

Violating a particular person’s rights might promote more utility then respecting them

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49
Q

Act utilitarianism is also known as

a. ) Rule utilitarianism
b. ) Indirect utilitarianism
c. ) Direct utilitarianism

A

Direct utilitarianism

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50
Q

According to rule utilitarianism

a. ) We ought to promote the greatest good for the greatest number with each act we do
b. ) We ought to obey the rule that would promote the greatest good for the greatest number
c. ) We ought to obey the rule that can be universalized without contradiction

A

We ought to promote the greatest good for the greatest number with each act we do

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51
Q

One of the problems raised against utilitarianism concerns justice. What is the problem?

a. ) An unjust act might promote more utility than a just act
b. ) Utilitarians are unjust people
c. ) There are no actions that are just
d. ) The surest way to make people unhappy is to treat them justly

A

An unjust act might promote more utility than a just act

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52
Q

According to rule utilitarianism, the government should rule people harshly because doing so promotes the greatest good for the greatest number

True or False?

A

False

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53
Q

Which of the following are said to be problems with utilitarianism?

a. ) According to utilitarianism, moral truths are absolutes and absolutes can sometimes conflict
b. ) Violating a particular person’s rights might promote more utility then respecting them
c. ) Utilitarianism makes an arbitrary distinction between humans and nonhumans

A

Violating a particular person’s rights might promote more utility then respecting them

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54
Q

Act utilitarianism is also known as

a. ) Rule utilitarianism
b. ) Indirect utilitarianism
c. ) Direct utilitarianism

A

Direct Utilitarianism

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55
Q

According to rule utilitarianism

a. ) We ought to promote the greatest good for the greatest number with each act we do
b. ) We ought to obey the rule that would promote the greatest good for the greatest number
c. ) We ought to obey the rule that can be universalized without contradiction

A

We ought to obey the rule that would promote the greatest good for the greatest number

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56
Q

How are we to choose which rules are best, according to rule utilitarianism?

a. ) Rules should be selected by faith alone
b. ) Rules should be selected by reason alone
c. ) Rules should be selected by experience alone

A

Rules should be selected by experience alone

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57
Q

According to rule utilitarianism, moral rules are intrinsically valuable

True or False?

A

False

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58
Q

The idea that all moral knowledge comes through experience alone is known as

a. ) Libertarianism
b. ) Rationalism
c. ) Utilitarianism
d. ) Empiricism

A

Empiricism

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59
Q

We concluded in class that rule utilitarianism can meet the important objections raised against act utilitarianism

True or False?

A

True

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60
Q

Unlike ethical relativism, which has found little favor among philosophers, many philosophers have thought utilitarianism a plausible theory

True or False?

A

True

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61
Q

Kant’s view is a rationalist view, which means that knowledge comes through reason

True or False?

A

True

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62
Q

The object of On Liberty is to assert one principle. What is that principle?

a. ) The categorical imperative
b. ) The harm principle
c. ) Gresham’s law
d. ) The principle of utility

A

The Harm Principle

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63
Q

According to the principle defended in On Liberty

a. ) The right act is the one that promotes the greatest good for the greatest number
b. ) We are never permitted to interfere with a person’s liberty
c. ) Paternalistic intervention is permitted
d. ) The only reason we are allowed to interfere with a person is to prevent harm to others

A

The only reason we are allowed to interfere with a person is to prevent harm to others

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64
Q

Mill argues that the reason we are free is that we are born with inalienable rights, one of them being the right to liberty

True or False?

A

False

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65
Q

What does Mill mean by “utility” in On Liberty?

a. ) He means we are born with inalienable rights
b. ) Duty
c. ) He means utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being
d. ) Reason

A

He means utility in the largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being

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66
Q

Even if a controversial view is true, if the majority believes it is false, the controversial view should not be allowed because it will make the majority unhappy, according to Mill

True or False?

A

False

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67
Q

If a view is false and offensive to the greatest number, it should not be allowed because of the pain it will produce

True or False?

A

False

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68
Q

Which of the following is true regarding Mill’s view on the liberty of action?

a. ) We are only free to do those actions that promote the greatest good for the greatest number
b. ) We are free to do anything at all
c. ) We are free only to treat humanity as an end and never as a means only
d. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

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69
Q

Does Mill think we should be able to do things that hurt ourselves if they hurt only ourselves?

a. ) Yes, because Mill hated people and and hoped they would kill themselves
b. ) No, because when persons hurt themselves, even if they hurt only themselves, the amount of pain in the world increases
c. ) Yes, because allowing people to choose for themselves is an indispensable element in utility in the largest sense grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being.

A

Yes, because allowing people to choose for themselves is an indispensable element in utility in the largest sense grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being

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70
Q

What is Mill’s view of what he calls “experiments of living”?

a. ) They should be allowed only if they provide the greatest good for the greatest number
b. ) Experience has shown that they cause more harm than good
c. ) If people want to experiment with new or different lifestyles, they should be allowed to do so, as long as they don’t harm others

A

If people want to experiment with new or different lifestyles, they should be allowed to do so, as long as they don’t harm others

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71
Q

According to the text and the lecture, justice is about what promotes the most utility

True or False?

A

False

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72
Q

If a person has a negative right to something, that negative right requires that others provide something to the person with the right

True or False?

A

False

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73
Q

According to Mill, paternalism promotes utility in the largest sense

True or False?

A

False

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74
Q

According to Mill, unless a view is examined fully, frequently, and fearlessly,

a. ) It will be held as dead dogma, not as a living truth
b. ) It will be held in the manner of a prejudice with little comprehension or feeling of its rational grounds
c. ) The meaning of the doctrine itself will be in danger of being lost, or enfeebled, and deprived of its vital effect on the character and conduct.
d. ) All of the above

A

All of the above

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75
Q

“The gap between the rich and the poor is wide” is

a. ) Descriptive
b. ) Normative
c. ) Imperative
d. ) None of the above

A

Descriptive

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76
Q

A right is a claim or entitlement to something

True or False?

A

True

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77
Q

If a person has a positive right to something, then others have an obligation not to interfere with a person’s exercise of that right. They have no obligation to do or provide something for the person, only an obligation not to do something

True or False?

A

False

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78
Q

Libertarian theories emphasize individual liberties and positive rights

True or False?

A

False

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79
Q

John Hospers is utilitarian

True or False?

A

False

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80
Q

Egalitarian theories hold that justice requires an equal distribution among all persons

True or False?

A

True

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81
Q

Which of the following are true?

a. ) Absolute poverty is bad
b. ) Peter Singer is a libertarian
c. ) According to Singer, we have an obligation not to hurt the poor but we have no obligation to help them
d. ) All of the above

A

Absolute poverty is bad

82
Q

On Kant’s view, moral truths may be known with certainty

True or False?

A

True

83
Q

Kant’s view is deontological. That means it is rooted in religion rather than consequences.

True or False?

A

False

84
Q

Which of the following is an imperative?

a. ) People always act on the maxim they can will as a universal law
b. ) Treating humanity always as an end is right
c. ) Be happy!
d. ) All of the above

A

Be happy!

85
Q

According to Kant, pleasure is intrinsically valuable

True or False?

A

False

86
Q

A hypothetical imperative is in the form, “If you want X, then do Y”

True or False?

A

True

87
Q

Kant thought moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives

True or False?

A

False

88
Q

A will is a good will if and only if it sincerely desires to do the right thing and always acts according to that desire

True or False?

A

False

89
Q

If a person does the right thing by keeping a promise, that act has no moral worth if it was done solely out of love for the person, on Kant’s view

True or False?

A

True

90
Q

A good will, according to Kant, is the will that chooses according to reason and is not swayed by desire

True or False?

A

True

91
Q

Kant’s view is like rule utilitarianism in that

a. ) According to both, moral rules can be known with certainty
b. ) According to both, human happiness is an essential component of morality
c. ) According to both, the formulation of rules is an important part of moral deliberation
d. ) All of the above

A

According to both, the formulation of rules is an important part of moral deliberation

92
Q

According to Kant, it is always wrong to treat a person as a means

True or False?

A

False

93
Q

On Kant’s view, lying to keep from hurting a person’s feelings treats that person merely as a means

True or False?

A

True

94
Q

Treating a person better than he or she deserves treats that person as an end by recognizing the intrinsic value of that person

True or False?

A

False

95
Q

Which of the following is a correct formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative?

a. ) Act only on that maxim that you can at the same time want to be a universal law
b. ) So act as to treat humanity, whether yourself or others, in every case as an end withal, never as a means
c. ) People always act on the maxim they can at the same time will that they should become a universal law
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

96
Q

If a person does what is right out of love for humanity, that person’s act has great moral worth, according to Kant

True or False?

A

False

97
Q

When Mill says that we have the liberty of tastes and pursuits, he means we have the liberty to think and say what we choose

True or False?

A

False

98
Q

Kant’s view is an absolutist view

True or False?

A

True

99
Q

On Kant’s view,

a. ) We know that lying promises are wrong through our universal experience of the pain that lying promises cause
b. ) We know that lying promises are wrong because the maxim that allows it leads to contradiction
c. ) All moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

We know that lying promises are wrong because the maxim that allows it leads to contradiction

100
Q

If a person does the right thing because reason says to do it, the act has no moral worth unless the person is motivated by a genuine love of humanity

True or False?

A

False

101
Q

According to Libertarianism

a. ) Every person owns his or her own life
b. ) Every person has the right to be helped by others
c. ) Every person has the right to be assisted in making one’s free choice
d. ) All of the above

A

Every person owns his or her own life

102
Q

It was said in class that Hosper’s statement of libertarianism is reminiscent of Mill’s Harm Principle. How are they alike?

a. ) Both reject paternalistic interference with the liberty of individuals
b. ) Both are rooted in the individual right to liberty we all possess
c. ) Both use utility as the ultimate moral standard
d. ) All of the above

A

Both reject paternalistic interference with the liberty of individuals

103
Q

According to Hospers, the right to property is

a. ) The right to keep property that is rightly yours
b. ) The right to be given property by others
c. ) The obligation to give our excess property to others if doing so prevents something very bad
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

The right to keep property that is rightly yours

104
Q

According to Hospers, the proper function of government is to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of its citizens

True or False?

A

False

105
Q

Which kinds of laws are justified, according to the libertarian?

a. ) Laws that provide the greatest good for the greatest number of citizens
b. ) Laws that require that we help others such as welfare laws and laws that fund the arts
c. ) Laws that keep people from hurting themselves
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

106
Q

Laws that require that we help one another make us into slaves, according to Hospers

True or False?

A

True

107
Q

On a libertarian view, rights are

a. ) Negative rights only
b. ) Positive rights only
c. ) Both positive and negative rights
d. ) None of the above

A

Negative rights only

108
Q

What’s the difference between a positive right and a negative right?

a. ) A positive right is one we are sure we have and a negative right is one which we have no evidence
b. ) A positive right is one that makes people happy while a negative right tends to produce more pain than pleasure
c. ) A positive right requires that we do something for others whereas a negative right requires only that we not do things to others
d. ) None of the above

A

A positive right requires that we do something for others whereas a negative right requires only that we not do things to others

109
Q

According to libertarianism, we have no obligation to provide anything for those dying in poverty if we have done nothing to put them in that poverty

True or False?

A

True

110
Q

Libertarians believe in the right to liberty and the right to property, but they reject the right to life

True or False?

A

False

111
Q

According to Rachels, the 1973 AMA statement

a. ) Forbids euthanasia in all forms
b. ) Forbids active euthanasia but allows passive euthanasia
c. ) Forbids passive euthanasia but allows active euthanasia
d. ) None of the above

A

Forbids active euthanasia but allows passive euthanasia

112
Q

According to Rachels, there is no morally relevant difference between active and passive euthanasia

True or False?

A

True

113
Q

According to Rachels, there is an important moral difference between killing and letting die

True or False?

A

False

114
Q

What fault does Rachels find with the AMA statement?

a. ) He thinks it’s wrong to withhold treatment if doing so allows someone to die
b. ) He thinks we have a moral duty to preserve life at all costs
c. ) He thinks that the AMA statement allows unnecessary suffering
d. ) All of the above

A

He thinks that the AMA statement allows unnecessary suffering

115
Q

According to Rachels, the AMA policy allows decisions to be made on irrelevant grounds

True or False

A

True

116
Q

According to Rachels, the cessation of the employment of extraordinary means is the international termination of life by passive means

True or False

A

True

117
Q

According to Bonnie Steinbock, the 1973 AMA statement

a. ) Forbids euthanasia in any form
b. ) Forbids active euthanasia but allows passive euthanasia
c. ) Forbids passive euthanasia but allows active euthanasia
d. ) None of the above

A

Forbids euthanasia in any form

118
Q

According to Bonnie Steinbock, the cessation of the employment of extraordinary means in the international termination of life by passive means

True or False?

A

False

119
Q

Which of the following does Steinbock accept?

a. ) If a doctor withdraws treatment to respect a patient’s autonomous choice, the doctor has not committed euthanasia
b. ) If a doctor intentionally takes a person’s life, the act is not euthanasia if the doctor did it to end the patient’s suffering
c. ) Both of the above
d. ) None of the above

A

If a doctor withdraws treatment to respect a patient’s autonomous choice, the doctor has not committed euthanasia

120
Q

According to the new AMA statement that we read in class, withdrawing treatment is euthanasia

True or False?

A

False

121
Q

According to Kant, prostitution is wrong because of the pain it typically causes, but sex between people who care for each other and harms no one is morally permitted

True or False?

A

False

122
Q

According to Kant, the fact that humans have intrinsic value means that each person owns him or herself

True or False?

A

False

123
Q

According to Kant, in prostitution, people treat each other merely as a means, while extra-marital sex between people who really care for each other treats each partner as an end in him or herself

True or False?

A

False

124
Q

According to Kant, the idea that we own ourselves leads to a contradiction

True or False?

A

True

125
Q

According to Kant,

a. ) Sexual impulse may be satisfied only in marriage and only for the purpose of procreation
b. ) It is always wrong to satisfy sexual impulse since it is physical desire
c. ) Without sex there is no genuine marriage
d. ) Marriage requires the blessing of God and the church

A

Without sex there is no genuine marriage

126
Q

According to Kant, the only legitimate satisfaction of sexual impulse requires rights over the whole person, not just a part of the person

True or False?

A

True

127
Q

To give a person sexual rights over one’s body but to retain other rights is to adopt a maxim that contradicts itself, according to Kant

True or False?

A

True

128
Q

In order to have the legitimate right over the whole of another person, one must grant that person the same rights over the whole of oneself

True or False?

A

True

129
Q

Marriage requires conjugal cohabitation on the basis of a contract that grants reciprocal possession of each other, according to Kant

True or False?

A

True

130
Q

According to Kant, adultery is wrong because of the pain it universally causes

True or False?

A

False

131
Q

“Pornography is sexually explicit material intended to produce sexual excitement in the consumer” is a normative definition

True or False?

A

False

132
Q

According to the Miller Test, if something offensive to the average person applying contemporary standards finds that a work as a whole appeals only to the prurient interest, for that reason alone it is obscene and may be prohibited

True or False?

A

False

133
Q

According to Miller Test, if the average person applying contemporary community standards finds that a work as a whole appeals only to the prurient interest, for that reason alone it is obscene and may be prohibited

True or False?

A

False

134
Q

What does “prurient interest” refer to?

a. ) Interest only in sex
b. ) The interest gained on money earned in the sex trade, typically money earned illegally
c. ) Interest only in money
d. ) All of the above

A

Interest only in sex

135
Q

The “laps test” or the “slaps test” in the Miller Test refers to the amount of allowable contact a person may have with a dancer in a live erotic show

True or False?

A

False

136
Q

When we say that something is unnatural

a. ) We sometimes mean something descriptive such as “not occurring in nature”
b. ) We sometimes mean something normative such as “ought not to occur”
c. ) Both of the above
d. ) None of the above

A

Both of the above

137
Q

Homosexuality is not found in nature among nonhumans and is therefore unnatural in a descriptive sense

True or False?

A

False

138
Q

One common argument against same-sex marriage is the slippery slope argument that says once we say that marriage need not be between a man and a women, we lose the ability to draw any line at all

True or False?

A

True

139
Q

Philosophers hold slippery slope arguments in high esteem

True or False?

A

False

140
Q

According to Mill, we must allow experiments in living (constrained by the harm principle) if we are to progress as individuals and as a species

True or False?

A

True

141
Q

According to Rachels, there is no morally relevant difference between killing and letting die

True or False?

A

True

142
Q

According to utilitarianism, there is no morally relevant difference between killing and letting die

True or False?

A

True

143
Q

According to Kant, prostitution is wrong because of the sexually transmitted diseases it causes

True or False?

A

False

144
Q

If the right to property is the right to keep one’s justly earned property, then the right to property is a

Positive or Negative right?

A

Negative right

145
Q

If the right to life is the right to be provided with what one needs to stay alive, the right to life is negative

True or False?

A

False

146
Q

According to the Mackinnon/Dworkin Ordinance, pornography is sexually explicit material that subordinates women

True or False?

A

True

147
Q

According to the Mackinnon/Dworkin Ordinance, a sexually explicit film that contains only males does not subordinate women

True or False?

A

False

148
Q

The Miller Test treats the issue of pornography as a free speech issue

True or False?

A

True

149
Q

According to the Mackinnon/Dworkin Ordinance, the issue of pornography is an issue of the liberty of action, not merely as an issue of free speech

True or False?

A

True

150
Q

If something has literary value, it is protected speech, even if everyone agree it appeals only to the prurient interest and it does so in a patently offensive way

True or False?

A

True

151
Q

Which of the following would qualify as a nonhuman person, according to Warren’s criteria?

a. ) A human in a persistent vegetative state
b. ) A fetus
c. ) A dead human
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

152
Q

The conclusion of the traditional pro-life argument is that abortion is wrong

True or False?

A

True

153
Q

If the traditional pro-life argument is not sound because it has a false premise, we may justifiably conclude that abortion is not wrong

True or False?

A

False

154
Q

If the right to life is a negative right, then,

a. ) It is the right to the bare needed to stay alive
b. ) It is the right not to be killed unjustly
c. ) It is the right to be provided with the property needed to preserve your life
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

It is the right not to be killed unjustly

155
Q

If the right to life is positive, Henry Fonda really does have an obligation to fly in from the West Coast to save you if that is the only thing that can save you

True or False?

A

True

156
Q

According to Thomson, the right to life is the right not to be killer unjustly

True or False?

A

True

157
Q

Thomson uses the people seed case as an analogy to abortion

True or False?

A

True

158
Q

According to Thomson, something has a right to use your property if it needs your property to survive

True or False?

A

False

159
Q

According to Warren, there is no sense in which a fetus is human

True or False?

A

False

160
Q

According to Warren, if something possesses none of the five central characteristics of personhood, it is not a person

True or False?

A

True

161
Q

Which of the following is a human but not a person on Warren’s view?

a. ) Koko, the gorilla who knows sign language
b. ) An intelligent alien
c. ) God
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

162
Q

Which of the following best states Warren’s position on infanticide?

a. ) She believes that infanticide is permissible at any time time for any reason the mother chooses
b. ) She believes that infanticide is wrong because the fetus is a person from the moment of birth
c. ) She believes that infanticide is usually, but not always, wrong, even though the fetus is not a person

A

She believes that infanticide is usually, but not always, wrong, even though the fetus is not a person

163
Q

On Warren’s view, no machine could ever be a person

True or False?

A

False

164
Q

According to Warren, since a fetus is not a person it has no right to life

True or False?

A

True

165
Q

Marquis’ strong pro-life argument asserts that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception

True or False?

A

False

166
Q

Why is it wrong to kill normal adult humans, according to Marquis?

a. ) Normal adult humans are persons
b. ) It causes them pain
c. ) It causes pain to the loved ones who remain
d. ) All of the above
e. ) None of the above

A

None of the above

167
Q

According to Marquis, the fetus typically has a future like ours, the normal adult humans

True or False?

A

True

168
Q

Killing a normal adult human robs him or her of a future of value, according to Marquis

True or False?

A

True

169
Q

According to Marquis, because abortion robs a fetus of a future of value, abortion is wrong for the same reason that killing normal adult humans is wrong

True or False?

A

True

170
Q

Because punishment increases the amount of suffering in the world, utilitarians are against any form of punishment

True or False?

A

False

171
Q

According to Kant, the suffering associated with punishment can be justified if and only if that suffering is outweighed by a greater sum of happiness

True or False?

A

False

172
Q

Kant’s view is said to be a backward-looking view because it looks to what people have done

True or False?

A

True

173
Q

Giving a person what is owed is a forward-looking view of punishment

True or False?

A

False

174
Q

Treating a person with the dignity due as a rational being is a backward-looking justification for punishment

True or False?

A

True

175
Q

Punishing a criminal to deter crime is a backward-looking reason

True or False?

A

False

176
Q

A utilitarian justification for punishment is that an appropriate punishment can rehabilitate a criminal

True or False?

A

True

177
Q

According to Kant, punishing a criminal to rehabilitate him treats him as an end in himself

True or False?

A

False

178
Q

According to Kant, punishing a criminal to deter crime treats the criminal merely as a means to promote society’s happiness

True or False?

A

True

179
Q

Because Kant believed that humans are intrinsically valuable, he opposed the death penalty

True or False?

A

False

180
Q

Being merciful be letting a criminal go free treats the criminal as an end in himself

True or False?

A

False

181
Q

Before Roe vs. Wade, abortions were illegal in the US, even to save the life of the mother

True or False?

A

False

182
Q

Roe vs. Wade made safe abortions legally obtainable at any time for any reason the woman chooses

True or False?

A

False

183
Q

Viability means the point at which the mother can feel the fetus back

True or False?

A

False

184
Q

When the Roe court stated that the word “Person” as used in the constitution does not include the unborn, their statement is

Descriptive or Normative

A

Descriptive

185
Q

A person is being thought to have full moral rights

True or False?

A

True

186
Q

Judith Jarvis Thomson grants, for the sake of argument, that the fetus is a person from the moment of conception

True or False?

A

True

187
Q

Thomson says that even if a fetus is a person from the moment of conception, the fetus has no right to life

True or False?

A

False

188
Q

According to Thomson, if you awoke hooked up to a famous violinist via a procedure that took place without your knowledge and the violinist needed the use of your kidneys for nine months, you would have no obligation to stay hooked up to the violinist, even if unhooking yourself means that the violinist will die

True or False?

A

True

189
Q

According to Thomson, if you are allowed to unhook yourself from the famous violinist, then abortion is permissible at any time for any reason the woman chooses

True or False?

A

False

190
Q

According to Thomson, the right to life is always stronger than the right to do as one chooses with one’s own body

True or False?

A

False

191
Q

Even though Marquis believes abortion is wrong in most cases, he denies the fetus is a person with a right to life

True or False?

A

False

192
Q

Letting a murderer off on an insanity plea treats the murderer as an end in himself, according to Kant

True or False?

A

False

193
Q

According to Kant, nonhuman animals are ends in themselves

True or False?

A

False

194
Q

Utilitarianism is said to be a backward-looking view because it is a consequentialist view

True or False?

A

False

195
Q

If the Traditional Pro-Life Argument has a false premise, we may rightly conclude that the argument is not sound

True or False?

A

True

196
Q

In the Traditional Pro-Life Argument is not sound, we may rightly conclude that the conclusion of the argument is not supported

True or False?

A

True

197
Q

If the conclusion of an argument is not supported, we may rightly conclude that the conclusion is false

True or False?

A

False

198
Q

Thomson uses the famous violinist case as an analogy to abortion

True or False?

A

False

199
Q

Both Warren and Thomson believe abortion is permissible at any time for any reason the women chooses

True or False?

A

False

200
Q

Which of the following is not one of Warren’s five central characteristics of personhood?

a. ) Consciousness
b. ) Reasoning
c. ) Human genetic code
d. ) Self motivated activity
e. ) All of the above are central characteristics of personhood according to Warren

A

Human genetic code

Ethics (5 decks)

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