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Ethics > Ethics Exam 3 > Flashcards

Ethics Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

According to Kant, prostitution is wrong because of the pain it typically causes, but sex between people who care for each other and harms no one is morally permitted

True or False?

A

False, Kant believed that sex should only occur in marriage between a man and a woman

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2
Q

According to Kant, the fact that humans have intrinsic value means that each person owns him or her self

True or False?

A

False, owning yourself is a contradiction

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3
Q

According to Kant, in prostitution, people treat each other merely as a means, while extra-marital sex between people who really care for each other treats each partner as an end in him or her self

True or False?

A

False, Kant believed sex should only occur in marriage between a man and a woman

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4
Q

According to Kant, the idea that we own ourselves leads to a contradiction

True or False?

A

True

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5
Q

According to Kant, without sex there is no genuine marriage

True or False?

A

True

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6
Q

According to Kant, the only legitimate satisfaction of sexual impulse requires rights over the whole person, not just a part of the person

True or False?

A

True

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7
Q

To give a person sexual rights over one’s body but to retain other rights is to adopt a maxim that contradicts itself, according to Kant

True or False?

A

True, you cannot give part of yourself

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8
Q

In order to have legitimate rights over the whole of another person, one must grant that person the same rights over the whole of oneself

True or False?

A

True

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9
Q

Marriage requires conjugal cohabitation on the basis of a contract that grants reciprocal possession of each other, according to Kant

True or False?

A

True

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10
Q

According to Kant, adultery is wrong because of the pain it universally causes

True or False?

A

False

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11
Q

“Pornography is sexually explicit material intended to produce sexual excitement in the consumer”

Normative or Descriptive?

A

Normative

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12
Q

What does “prurient interest” mean?

A

Interest only in sex

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13
Q

According to the Miller Test, if something offensive to the average person applying contemporary community standards, for that reason alone, it is obscene and may be prohibited

True or False?

A

False, when using the Miller Test, it has to fail all three tests to be considered obscene

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14
Q

According to the Miller Test, if the average person, applying contemporary community standards, finds that a work as a whole appeals only to the prurient interest, for that reason alone, it is obscene and may be prohibited.

True or False?

A

False, when using the Miller Test, it has to fail all three tests to be considered obscene

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15
Q

Homosexuality is not found in nature among nonhumans and is therefore unnatural in a descriptive sense

True or False?

A

False, homosexuality is found in nature among nonhumans

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16
Q

The “laps test” or the “slaps test” in the Miller Test refers to the amount of allowable contact a patron may have with a dancer in a live erotic show.

True or False?

A

False, LAPS stands for Literary, Artistic, Political, or Scientific. If a work is any one of these things, it is acceptable.

17
Q

When we say that something is unnatural…

A

We mean it in both the normative and descriptive sense

18
Q

According to Rachels, the 1973 AMA statement forbids both active and passive euthanasia

True or False?

A

False, he thinks that it forbids active euthanasia but allows passive euthanasia

19
Q

According to Rachels, there is no morally relevant difference between active and passive euthanasia

True or False?

A

True

20
Q

According to Rachels, there is an important moral difference between killing and letting die

True or False?

A

False, there is no moral difference between killing (active euthanasia) and letting die (passive euthanasia) according to Rachels

21
Q

What fault does Rachels find with the AMA statement?

A

He thinks the AMA statement allows unnecessary suffering

22
Q

According to Rachels, the AMA policy allows decisions to be made on irrelevant grounds

True or False?

A

True

23
Q

According to Rachels, the cessation of the employment of extraordinary means is the intentional termination of life by passive means.

True or False?

A

True

24
Q

According to Bonnie Steinbock, the 1973 AMA statement allows for euthanasia in any form

True or False?

A

False, she thinks that the statement forbids euthanasia in any form

25
Q

According to Steinbock, the cessation of the employment of extraordinary means is the intentional termination of life by passive means

True or False?

A

False

26
Q

According to the new AMA statement that we read in class..

A

Giving a large amount of pain medicine, that will likely kill the patient, is morally acceptable if done with the intent to alleviate pain.
&
If an informed patient refuses treatment, it is morally acceptable to let them die.

27
Q

According to Libertarianism, every person owns his or her own life

True or False?

A

True

28
Q

It was said in class that Hospers’ statement of Libertarianism is reminiscent of Mill’s Harm Principle. How are they alike?

A

Both reject paternalistic interference with the liberty of individuals

29
Q

According to Hospers, the right to property is the obligation to give our excess property to others if doing so prevents something very bad

True or False?

A

False

30
Q

According to Hospers, the function of government is to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of its citizens

True or False?

A

False

31
Q

Laws that require that we help one another makes us into slaves, according to Hospers

True or False?

A

True

32
Q

On a libertarian view, rights are negative or positive only?

A

Negative

33
Q

What is the difference between a positive right and a negative right?

A

A positive right requires that we do something for others while a negative right requires only that we not do things to others

34
Q

According to libertarianism, we have no obligation to provide anything for those dying in poverty if we have done nothing to put them in that poverty

True or False?

A

True, because libertarians believe that only negative rights exist

35
Q

Libertarians believe in the right to liberty and the right to property, but they reject the right to live

True or False?

A

False

Ethics (5 decks)

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