Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ethics > Ethics Exam 2 > Flashcards

Ethics Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

One of the problems raised against Utilitarianism concerns justice. What is the problem?

A

If an unjust act promotes more utility than a just act, utilitarianism seems to say the unjust act is the right act.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

According to rule utilitarianism, the government ought to rule its people harshly to promote the greater good.

True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Act utilitarianism is sometimes called indirect utilitarianism because actions have consequences only indirectly.

True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to rule utilitarianism we ought to obey the rule that would promote the greatest good for the greatest number

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are we to choose which rules are best, according to rule utilitarianism?

A

Rule should be selected by experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

According to rule utilitarianism, moral rules are intrinsically valuable.

True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The idea that moral knowledge comes through experience alone is known as…

Utilitarianism or Empiricism?

A

Empiricism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

We concluded in class that rule utilitarianism can meet the important objections raised against act utilitarianism.

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Unlike ethical relativism, which has found little favor among philosophers, many philosophers over the years have thought utilitarianism a plausible theory, even if it is presently not in favor among philosophers.

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kant’s view is a rationalist view. That means that all moral knowledge comes through experience.

True or False

A

False, rationalists believe moral knowledge comes through reason

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

On Kant’s view, moral truths can be known with certainty

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kant’s view is deontological. That means that it is rooted in religion rather than consequences.

True or False?

A

False, deontology is normative that conforms to a rule. It is also known as duty-ethics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is this an imperative?

Act only on the maxim you could will to be a universal law.

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to Kant, the only thing good in itself is the good will.

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A will is a good will if and only if it sincerely desires to do the right thing and always acts according to that desire.

True or False?

A

False, a good will is a will that chooses according to what reason says.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If a person does the right thing by keeping a promise, that act has no moral worth if it is done solely out of love for the person, on Kant’s view.

True or False?

A

True, without a good will actions have no moral worth, even if they are done solely out of love or sympathy, even if they produce good results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A hypothetical imperative is in the form, “if you want X, then do Y!”

True or False?

A

True, hypothetical imperatives are “if…then” statements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Kant thought moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives.

True or False?

A

False, Kant thought that moral imperatives are categorical imperatives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A good will, according to Kant, is the will that chooses according to reason and is not swayed by desire.

True or False?

A

True, a good will is a will that chooses according to what reason says.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kant’s view is like rule utilitarianism in that both believe we can be certain about the moral rules we use.

True or False?

A

False, both believe that the formulation of rules is an important part of moral reasoning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

According to Kant, it is always wrong to treat a person as a means.

True or False?

A

False, it is sometimes okay to treat someone as a means, according to Kant, if that is what reason says to do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

On Kant’s view, telling a person the truth sometimes treats that person merely as a means if the truth is hurtful.

True or False?

A

False, telling the truth is almost always what reason says to do.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Treating a person better than he or she deserves treats that person as an end by recognizing the intrinsic value of that person.

True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

“So act as to treat humanity, whether yourself or others, in every case as an end withal, never as a means.” Is a correct formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative.

True or False?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Kant’s view is an absolutist view.

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

One of the problems for Kant’s view is that moral absolute such as “Always tell the truth” might conflict with the moral absolute, “Always preserve innocent life”. If morals are absolutes and absolutes can conflict, there may be no correct answer as to what to do in some cases.

True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

If a person does what is right out of love for humanity, that person’s act has great moral worth, according to Kant.

True or False?

A

False, without a good will actions have no moral worth, even if they are done solely out of love or sympathy, even if they produce good results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

If a person does the right thing because reason says to do it, the act has no moral worth unless the person is motivated by love of humanity.

True or False?

A

False, if the person acts on what reason says and has a good will, he is acting the right way. According to Kant.

29
Q

The object of On Liberty is to assert one very simple principle, according to Mill. What is this principle?

A

The Harm Principle

30
Q

According to the Harm Principle, we are never allowed to interfere with an individual’s liberty on paternalistic grounds.

True or False?

A

True, you can only interfere with a child’s rights on paternalistic grounds, according to Mill.

31
Q

Mill argues that the reason we are free is that we are born with inalienable rights, one of them being the right to liberty.

True or False?

A

False

32
Q

When Mill says “utility” in On Liberty, he is talking about Utility in its largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being.

True or False?

A

True

33
Q

If a controversial view is true and the majority believes that the contrary view is false, the controversial view should not be allowed because it will make the majority unhappy, according to Mill.

True or False?

A

False

34
Q

If a view is false and offensive to the greatest number, it should not be allowed because of the pain it will produce.

True or False?

A

False

35
Q

We are free to do anything we choose as long as it does not harm others, according to Mill’s view on the liberty of action.

True or False?

A

True

36
Q

Does Mill think we should be able to do things that hurt ourselves if they hurt only ourselves?

A

Yes, because allowing people to choose for themselves is an indispensable element in utility in the largest sense grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being.

37
Q

What is Mill’s view of what he calls “experiments in living”?

A

They should be allowed (if people want to try them) so that we can progress.

38
Q

Nonconsequentialist theories are sometimes called ________ theories

A

deontological

39
Q

Deontological theories are duty based, not consequence based.

True or False?

A

True

40
Q

According to Kant, experience is the foundation of morality.

True or False

A

False, reason alone is the foundation of morality according to Kant

41
Q

Kant’s view is a rationalist view, along with being deontological.

True or False?

A

True

42
Q

Moral Rationalism:

A

All moral knowledge comes through reason, not experience

43
Q

Utilitarianism is a ________ view

A

Expiricist

44
Q

Empiricism:

A

All moral knowledge comes through experience, not reason

45
Q

According to Kant, right actions have value only if they are done with a ______ ______

A

Good Will

46
Q

Volition

A

The thing in us that chooses

47
Q

According to Kant, the will is the faculty of _______, the thing in us that chooses

A

Volition

48
Q

According to Kant, a good will chooses according to what experience says.

True or False?

A

False, a good will chooses what reason says, according to Kant.

49
Q

Imperative:

A

A rule or command

50
Q

Hypothetical Imperative:

A

An “If…. then” command

51
Q

A categorical imperative commands categorically, unconditionally, regardless of our wants/desires.

True or False?

A

True

52
Q

Do X! is a form of what imperative?

A

Categorical

53
Q

According to Kant, Hypothetical imperatives are moral imperatives?

True or False?

A

False, Categorical imperatives are moral imperatives, according to Kant

54
Q

Categorical imperatives are hypothetical

True or False?

A

False, categorical imperatives are not hypothetical

55
Q

Categorical imperatives are not dependent upon desires

True or False?

A

True

56
Q

“Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law” is the Categorical Imperative (first formulation)

True or False?

A

True

57
Q

A Right:

A

A claim or entitlement to something

58
Q

Negative rights obligate that others cannot interfere with a person.

True or False?

A

True

59
Q

If the right to life is a positive right, all you have to do is not kill someone.

True or False?

A

False, if the right to life is a NEGATIVE right, all you have to do is not kill someone.

60
Q

Positive Rights:

A

Obligates others to do something for other people

61
Q

If the right to life is a positive right, you are entitled to life as the bear minimum.

True or False?

A

True

62
Q

If the right to life is a positive right, people do not have to respect your life.

True or False?

A

False, People do have to respect your right to life if it were a positive right.

63
Q

Most people insist that all rights are positive rights; there are no negative rights.

True or False?

A

False, most say that there are no positive rights (except by agreement), most rights are negative rights.

64
Q

Libertarians emphasize individual liberties and negative rights.

True or False?

A

True

65
Q

Libertarians reject positive rights as a violation of freedom. Why?

A

Because such rights force people to help others.

66
Q

Egalitarian theories hold that justice requires equal distribution of goods among all people.

True or False?

A

True

67
Q

According to Singer, suffering and death from lack of food, shelter and medical care are good.

True or False?

A

False, suffering and death from lack of food, shelter, and medical care are bad according to Singer.

68
Q

If it is in our power to prevent something bad from happening without thereby sacrificing something of comparable moral importance, we ought to do it, according to Singer.

True or False?

A

True

69
Q

It is in our power to prevent some of the suffering and death associated with absolute poverty. Therefore:

A

We ought to assist those in absolute poverty according to Singer.

Ethics (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions