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P.RE > Ethics -Euthanasia > Flashcards

Ethics -Euthanasia Flashcards

1
Q

Euthanasia

A

the practice of ending the life of a patient to limit the patient’s suffering

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2
Q

Active Euthanasia

A

A treatment is given that directly causes the death of the individual

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3
Q

Non-Voluntary euthanasia

A

A severely ill person’s life is ended WITHOUT their CONSENT-due to a vegetative state

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4
Q

Passive Euthanasia

A

A treatment is WITHHELD and this INDIRECTLY causes DEATH OF PATIENT

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5
Q

Voluntary Euthanasia

A

A Person’s life is ended at THEIR REQUEST or with THEIR CONSENT-usually occurring in the presence of TERMINAL ILLNESS

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6
Q

The Sanctity of life

A

Christian idea stemming from the belief of IMAGO DEI (humans made in the IMAGE OF GOD)
Therefore LIFE is INTRINSICALLY SACRED or VALUABLE

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7
Q

The Quality of Life

A

The Idea that LIFE’S VALUE DEPENDS on CERTAIN ATTRIBUTES - such as HAPPINESS
Determine WHETHER OR NOT its worth Living

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8
Q

The Quality of Life -Differing Views

A

Some BELIVE that this based on The PERSONS possession of Life Goods- Happuness and FREE FROM PAIN

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9
Q

The Quality of Life -Differing Views Singer

A

Singer argues that it is Based on the Possession of Autonomy- 5 Commandments
Recognise the Worth of HUMAN LIFE VARIES
Take Responsibility for the CONSEQUENCES of you DESCIONS (to SAVE or END Life)
RESPECT a person’s DESIRE to LIVE/DIE
BRING children into the world only if they are WANTED
Do NOT discriminate on the basis of species

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10
Q

Main differences of SANCTITY of Life and QUALITY of Life

A

SL-Religious View
QL -Secular view

SL-SUPPORTED by NATURAL LAW
QL -SUPPORTED by SITUATION ETHICS and UTILITARIANISM

SL-ABSOLUTE
QL- Conditional

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11
Q

Principle of autonomy

A

‘Self Ruling’ belief that we are free and able to make own decisions.

Th idea that humans are FREE to make DECISIONS on THEIR FUTURE
Derives John Stuart Mills -Non-harm principle
Only We have the right to PERMIT HARM ON OUR SELF no one else

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12
Q

Principle of autonomy- Euthanasia

A

Supporters of EUTHANASIA AGREE with AUTONOMY-agreeing that YOU have the ability to DETERMINE your OWN DEATH

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13
Q

Issues With Autonomy-Voluntary Euthanasia-John Glover

A

The action of Voluntary Euthanasia should NOT be done in a DIMINISHED MENTAL STATE
Otherwise they are not really AUTONOMOUS
“It must be properly thought out not merely a result of TEMPORARY EMOTIONAL STATE”

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14
Q

Issues With Autonomy-Involuntary Euthanasia

A

If a patient Has NOT GIVEN Any EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS then that would potentially DISREGARD SANCTITY OF LIFE as there is no AUTONOMY to Respect

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15
Q

Natural Law applied to Euthanasia Summaryy

A

NL OPPOSES Euthanasia does not like it

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16
Q

Natural Law applied to Euthanasia Key Reasons

A

They argue for PRESERVATION OF LIFE -stemming from IMAGO DEI
Following PRIMARY PRECEPT Worship Go -it would be DIFFICULT to BELIVE in God if you are SHORTENING someone’s Life
Undermine all Primary Precepts -ORDERED SOCIETY REPRODUCTION
Euthanising for NL is a form of APPARENT GOOD, rather than Real Good

17
Q

ASSESSING Natural Law applied to Euthanasia why it is good

A

Holds INTRINSIC VALUE OF LIFE
Principle of Double effect PROVIDES FLEXIBILITY to relieve pain when there is NO PROSPECT of SAVING life
Prevent HUMANS from ABUSING POWER over others PUTTING THEMSELVES IN PLACE OF GOD

18
Q

ASSESSING Natural Law applied to Euthanasia why it is BAD

A

Religious FOUNDATIONS therefore not UNIVERSAL-can be OUTDATED
Shows no COMPASSION to PAIN and COMPASSION, Contradicts GOD’S OMNIBENVOLENT
HEAVY FOCUS on Sanctity of Life disregards QUALITY OF LIFE and UNDERMINES Individuals AUTONOMY

19
Q

Situation Ethics applied to Euthanasia Key Concepts -Personalism

A

Personalism is key principle of SE focuses on people and their WELFARE

20
Q

Situation Ethics applied to Euthanasia Key Concepts -

A

Regards the QUALITY OF LIFE more than SANCTITY OF LIFE
CONSIDERS ALWAYS what is the MOST LOVING thing to do-AGAPAE LOVE (unconditional love)
For Fletcher Rules such as ‘DO NOT KILL’ can be BROKEN as long as LOVE DEMANDS IT
Theory is heavily RELATIVIST
IT ACCEPTS EUTHANASIA so long as it is the most LOVING thing to do and the persons’ Quality of life is assessed

21
Q

Assessing Situation Ethics applied to Euthanasia why it is good -

A

It is very FLEXIBLE to INDIVIDUAL SITUATIONS which is Euthanasia is generally
It recognises every euthanasia are different situations

Concept of Agape Love ensure the best POSSIBLE OUTCOME For Person involved

22
Q

Assessing Situation Ethics applied to Euthanasia why it is Bad

A

Doing the most loving thing is SUBJECTIVE and VAGUE it is based on a matter of OPINION
SE requires a PREDICTION OF THE FUTURE the most LOVING OUTCOME can not necessarily be CERTAIN

23
Q

Assessing Sanctity of Life-For it

A

Not UPHOLDING Value of Life may lead to Poorer treatments of PATIENTS
NL upholds the INTRINSIC VALUE OF LIFE
The idea that LIFE is special in all FORMS is not a BAD IDEA

24
Q

Assessing Sanctity of Life- Against it

A

Assumes a RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEW which many PEOPLE do not SHARE

Technology and Medical Knowledge allows to Know WHICH LIVES can and CANNOT BE SAVED - there is no need to VALUE life at all COST

SE rejects LEGALISTIC INTERPRETATIONS OF the SANCTITY OF LIFE- focuses more on QUALITY of LIFE
Suffering of PATIENTS can INCREASE if we are constantly looking ways to PRESERVE LIFE

SINGER argues SANCTITY OF LIFE goes AGAINST AUTONOMY and CONTROL AND that it is too outdated and NEEDS to be REPLACED

25
Q

Slippery Slope Argument Sanctity of Life

A

Opponents of EUTHANASIA claim that Euthanasia will cause those who are VULNERABLE may become pressured to euthanise they feel they BURDENED SOCIETY with VALUE OF LIFE being UNDERMINED

26
Q

Slippery Slope Argument Sanctity of Life Singer Response

A

Singer hard example in Netherlands, where Euthansua is legal
And out of the 48,000 only two cases where against patients will

27
Q

Peter singer Persohood

A

Utilitarian Peter Singer claimed how the word person and human are different
For him those that ar in a vegetative state or babies have no consciousness if their life so can not continue to live
As well those that are adults in voluntary euthanasia are are conscious and therefore it is acceptable

P.RE (16 decks)

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