Ethics and Deviance Flashcards
What is the WADA definition of blood doping?
The misuse of techniques and substances to increase one’s red blood cell count
What are ethics in sport?
Rules that dictate an individual’s conduct
Form a system of rules which groups/societies are judged upon
How does blood doping occur?
Removal of blood (approx 2 pints)
Blood is then frozen -> then thawed -> then re-injected prior to competition
What are the main benefits of blood doping and which type of athletes use it?
Inc RBC count
Higher volume of haemoglobin
More O2 can reach the working muscles -> inc performance
Used by endurance athletes
Define deviance:
Unacceptable behaviour within a culture
Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social/legal norm
Give 3 examples of performance enhancing drugs:
Anabolic Steroids
Beta Blockers
Stimulants (amphetamines)
What do anabolic steroids do?
Allow athletes to train for longer/harder
Increase aggression and strength
What do beta blockers do?
Control HR
Keep athlete calm
What do stimulants (such as amphetamines) do?
Increase alertness
Advantages & disadvantages of taking dietary supplements (legal) :
+ Dietary supplements -> inc stamina, build muscle, control weight
- Some substances are not what they seem -> could contain banned substances of be contaminated
Advantages and disadvantages of using ergogenic aids (legal):
+ Inc strength and performance, as well as recovery
Creatine supp -> inc performance in high intensity exercise
- Unwanted side effects -> effects on digestive system and inc risk of cancer
Advantages and disadvantages of using hydration (legal):
+ Staying hydrated = Improved performance (using water or energy drinks)
- Energy drinks contain high sugar levels -> obesity and tooth decay
Why do athletes use doping/illegal drugs?
Pressure from coaches Pressure to win -> affects judgement and decision making Political pressure (Russia doping) Large rewards (£) To make it a level playing field
Drug taking in sport consequence (society):
Society seen as corrupt and unethical (‘win at all costs’
Drug taking in sport consequence (sport):
Challenges fair play concept
Seen as cheating
Tainted reputation
Lose public support
Drug taking in sport consequence (performer):
Severe risk to health and well being
Possible death could occur
Strategies used to stop doping
WADA list of banned substances
Drug testing carried out inside and outside comp
Drug education given to athletes
Drug free culture encouraged
Greater punishment (WADA doubled ban in 2015)
Specific side effects of doping:
Inc blood viscosity
Pulmonary embolism (clot in pulmonary artery)
Stroke
Inc heart attack risk
Give an example of a performer who has taken illegal drugs:
Name, drugs, physical benefit, side effect, punishment
Lance Armstrong Blood Doping, EPO Get more O2 to working muscles Inc blood viscosity Stripped of all 7 titles Banned for life
Define violence:
Intense physical force directed towards harming another group/individual -> cause injury or even death
Main causes of violence in sport (8)
Desire to win is too overwhelming Nature of activity (e.g. rugby/ice hockey) Frustration of event Alcohol/social drugs Rivalries Media increasing tension Unfairness/ poor officiating Deindividulation
What is individuation?
When you lose your sense of being an individual -> causes violent behaviour
Impacts of violence in sport (society)
Sport is a reflection of society
Acts on the street would be criminal offences (e.g. boxing)
Impacts of violence in sport (sport)
Governing bodies have disciplinary procedures -> maintain non violent behaviour
Punish playing strategies that promote violence
Need to adapt rule changes
Impacts of violence in sport (performer)
Performers must take responsibility for their actions
Fair play at all times must be seen
Performers should be aware that they are role models
Strategies to prevent violence in sport
Educate performers Instant punishments Coaches should be assertive rather than aggressive Law enforcement (banning orders) Advanced police methods (CCTV etc..)
Define match fixing:
A competition is played to a part/fully pre determined result
Contact made between corrupt players, coaches and officials
