Ethics and Deviance

Question 1

What is the WADA definition of blood doping?

Answer 1

The misuse of techniques and substances to increase one’s red blood cell count

Question 2

What are ethics in sport?

Answer 2

Rules that dictate an individual’s conduct

Form a system of rules which groups/societies are judged upon

Question 3

How does blood doping occur?

Answer 3

Removal of blood (approx 2 pints)

Blood is then frozen -> then thawed -> then re-injected prior to competition

Question 4

What are the main benefits of blood doping and which type of athletes use it?

Answer 4

Inc RBC count
Higher volume of haemoglobin
More O2 can reach the working muscles -> inc performance
Used by endurance athletes

Question 5

Define deviance:

Answer 5

Unacceptable behaviour within a culture

Any behaviour that differs from the perceived social/legal norm

Question 6

Give 3 examples of performance enhancing drugs:

Answer 6

Anabolic Steroids
Beta Blockers
Stimulants (amphetamines)

Question 7

What do anabolic steroids do?

Answer 7

Allow athletes to train for longer/harder

Increase aggression and strength

Question 8

What do beta blockers do?

Answer 8

Control HR

Keep athlete calm

Question 9

What do stimulants (such as amphetamines) do?

Answer 9

Increase alertness

Question 10

Advantages & disadvantages of taking dietary supplements (legal) :

Answer 10

+ Dietary supplements -> inc stamina, build muscle, control weight
- Some substances are not what they seem -> could contain banned substances of be contaminated

Question 11

Advantages and disadvantages of using ergogenic aids (legal):

Answer 11

+ Inc strength and performance, as well as recovery
Creatine supp -> inc performance in high intensity exercise
- Unwanted side effects -> effects on digestive system and inc risk of cancer

Question 12

Advantages and disadvantages of using hydration (legal):

Answer 12

+ Staying hydrated = Improved performance (using water or energy drinks)
- Energy drinks contain high sugar levels -> obesity and tooth decay

Question 13

Why do athletes use doping/illegal drugs?

Answer 13

Pressure from coaches
Pressure to win -> affects judgement and decision making
Political pressure (Russia doping)
Large rewards (£)
To make it a level playing field

Question 14

Drug taking in sport consequence (society):

Answer 14

Society seen as corrupt and unethical (‘win at all costs’

Question 15

Drug taking in sport consequence (sport):

Answer 15

Challenges fair play concept
Seen as cheating
Tainted reputation
Lose public support

Question 16

Drug taking in sport consequence (performer):

Answer 16

Severe risk to health and well being

Possible death could occur

Question 17

Strategies used to stop doping

Answer 17

WADA list of banned substances
Drug testing carried out inside and outside comp
Drug education given to athletes
Drug free culture encouraged
Greater punishment (WADA doubled ban in 2015)

Question 18

Specific side effects of doping:

Answer 18

Inc blood viscosity
Pulmonary embolism (clot in pulmonary artery)
Stroke
Inc heart attack risk

Question 19

Give an example of a performer who has taken illegal drugs:

Name, drugs, physical benefit, side effect, punishment

Answer 19

Lance Armstrong
Blood Doping, EPO
Get more O2 to working muscles
Inc blood viscosity
Stripped of all 7 titles
Banned for life

Question 20

Define violence:

Answer 20

Intense physical force directed towards harming another group/individual -> cause injury or even death

Question 21

Main causes of violence in sport (8)

Answer 21

Desire to win is too overwhelming
Nature of activity (e.g. rugby/ice hockey)
Frustration of event
Alcohol/social drugs
Rivalries
Media increasing tension
Unfairness/ poor officiating
Deindividulation

Question 22

What is individuation?

Answer 22

When you lose your sense of being an individual -> causes violent behaviour

Question 23

Impacts of violence in sport (society)

Answer 23

Sport is a reflection of society

Acts on the street would be criminal offences (e.g. boxing)

Question 24

Impacts of violence in sport (sport)

Answer 24

Governing bodies have disciplinary procedures -> maintain non violent behaviour
Punish playing strategies that promote violence
Need to adapt rule changes

Question 25

Impacts of violence in sport (performer)

Answer 25

Performers must take responsibility for their actions
Fair play at all times must be seen
Performers should be aware that they are role models

Question 26

Strategies to prevent violence in sport

Answer 26

Educate performers
Instant punishments
Coaches should be assertive rather than aggressive
Law enforcement (banning orders)
Advanced police methods (CCTV etc..)

Question 27

Define match fixing:

Answer 27

A competition is played to a part/fully pre determined result
Contact made between corrupt players, coaches and officials