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PE - Socio-Cultural studies > Ethics and deviance > Flashcards

Ethics and deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of ethics?

A

Rules that dictate an individuals conduct. They form a system of rules that groups and societies are judged on.

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2
Q

What is the definition of deviance?

A

A word that describes unacceptable behaviour within a culture. Any behaviour that differs from perceived social or legal norm is seen as deviant.

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3
Q

What is blood doping?

A

The misuse of techniques and/or substances to increase one’s red blood cell count (WADA)

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4
Q

How does blood doping work?

A

2 pints of blood are removed from the body.
The blood is frozen until 1-2 days before competition.
The blood is thawed / injected back into the body.
Increases red blood cell count.
Allows performer to use extra Oxygen to be transported to working muscles without use of anaerobic energy system.
Commonly used by endurance athlete.

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5
Q

What are the side effects of blood doping?

A 
Increased blood viscosity.
Increased risk of heart attack.
Pulmonary embolism.
Cerebral embolism.
Stroke.
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6
Q

What are examples of performance enhancing drugs?

A

Anabolic steroids - Enables athletes to train harder / longer, increasing strength and aggression.
Beta blockers - Control heart rate, keep athletes calm.
Stimulants - Increases alertness.

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7
Q

When would anabolic steroids be used?

A

Oscar Pistorius, weight lifting, shot put, sprinting

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8
Q

When would beta blockers be used?

A

Archery, darts, snooker, precision sports

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9
Q

When would stimulants be used?

A

Team sports

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10
Q

What are advantages of legal supplements?

A

They are accepted by sports administrators. Slightly enhance performance.
Can build muscle, increase stamina, control weight, improve flexibility or aid recovery.

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11
Q

What are the disadvantages of legal supplements?

A

Some argue it is unfair as not everyone has equal access to supplements.
They could present health risks to performers.
They can contain banned substances or be contaminated in manufacturing process.
May cause long term health problems.

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12
Q

What are some examples of legal supplements?

A 
Vitamins and minerals
Bicarbonate
Creatine
Carbohydrate powders and gels
Energy bars
Recovery formulas
Sports drinks
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13
Q

What are the 4 reasons athletes take illegal drugs?

A

Pressure to succeed
Political pressure
Monetary pressure
Everyone else is taking them.

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14
Q

How does pressure to succeed cause athletes to use illegal drugs

A

Pressure from coaches, friends, family, other performers, the athlete themselves.
Lack of understanding.
Physiological pressure - weight/injury
Psychological pressure - anxiety

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15
Q

How does political pressure cause athletes to use illegal drugs?

A

To gain status for their nation
State sponsored doping
eg Russia athletics scandal in 2015

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16
Q

How does monetary pressure cause athletes to use illegal drugs?

A

Potential earning capacity from successful performance.
Lucrative sponsorship deals.
Financial stability for life.

17
Q

How does the fact other athletes use illegal drugs cause athletes to use illegal drugs?

A

Some believe drug taking is so prevalent in some sports such as cycling that it should be accepted as part of the sport.

18
Q

What is an example of pressure to succeed causing an athlete to use illegal drugs?

A

Dwain Chambers

19
Q

What 3 things can the consequences of drugs and doping be related to?

A

Performers
Sport
Society

20
Q

What are the negative consequences of taking illegal drugs to performers?

A 
Severe dangers to health and well being.
Suspicion of other athletes
Questioning of own clean performance
Legal implication (custodial sentences, fines)
Lifetime bans from competitions
Bringing a sport into disrepute
21
Q

What are the positive consequences of taking illegal drugs to performers?

A

Fame/fortune

Improved performance

22
Q

What are the negative consequences of taking illegal drugs to sport?

A 
Sports associated with drug taking are tainted.
Struggle for sponsorship.
Loss of public support.
Results that can't be trusted.
Disaffected population.
Negative role models.
23
Q

What are the positive consequences of taking illegal drugs to sport?

A

More thorough education programmes in place.

New scientific methods needed to detect illegal substances, so better technology.

24
Q

What are the negative consequences of taking illegal drugs to society?

A 
Corrupt society.
Unethical citizens.
Win-at-all costs mentality.
Political leaders and role models reinforcing this mentality.
Cynical society.
25
Q

What are the positive consequences of taking illegal drugs to society?

A

Wake-up call to society to clean up sport and make it more ethical

26
Q

What are the strategies to stop use of illegal drugs?

A

Unified/standardised world wide doping policy from WADA.
Reinforce a culture of clean sport through role models.
More money available for efficient/effective testing.
Education programmes for athletes/coaches.
Stricter, more rigorous/random testing.
Stricter, more rigorous punishments.

27
Q

What are the barriers to eliminating illegal drugs?

A 
Win-at-all costs mentality.
Commercial incentives.
Level playing field.
Technology.
Missing tests.
Country differences.
State-sponsored doping.
Punishment.
28
Q

How is a win-at-all costs mentality a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

The win-at-all costs mentality still exists in sport today so athletes will take illegal drugs in order to win eg Lance Armstrong.

29
Q

How is commercial incentives a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

The commercialism / sponsorship in sport increases the incentives to cheat

30
Q

How is a level playing field a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

Athletes may believe that others are taking performance enhancing drugs so they do it to level the playing field.

31
Q

How is technology a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

Doping technology is always ahead of prevention efforts

32
Q

How is missing tests a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

Athletes can miss 2 tests without any punishment

33
Q

How is country differences a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

Some countries anti-doping programmes are limited

34
Q

How is state-sponsored doping a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

State-sponsored doping programmes add pressure on athletes to dope and help avoid detection

35
Q

How is punishment a barrier to eliminating illegal drugs?

A

Some may see sanction as too lenient

PE - Socio-Cultural studies (13 decks)

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