ethics and deviance Flashcards
definition of sportsmanship
behaviour and attitudes that show respect for the rules of a game and other players, graciousness in winning and losing
definition of gamesmanship
the use of dubious although not technically illegal methods to win or gain a serious advantage (bending the rules)
definition of deviance
behaviour which goes against the norms and values of a society/community. seriously breaking the rules
what is sledging?
the practice of using insulting, intimidating or provocative language or behaviour against an opponent to try and gain a competitive advantage
2 examples of deviant behaviour in sport
ball tampering in Australia cricket
Lance Armstrong doping in cycling
what is the difference between relative and serious deviance?
relative deviance is not acceptable in wider society but may be deemed acceptable in sub cultures or different societies. whereas serious deviance is seriously breaking the rules
what is ‘the sports ethic’?
a cluster of norms that many people in power and performance sports have accepted and reaffirmed as the dominant criteria for defining what it means in their social worlds to be an athlete
what are the 4 aspects to ‘the sports ethic’?
- making sacrifices for the game
- striving for distinction
- accepting risk and playing through pain
- refusing to accept limits
explain ‘making sacrifices’ (2)
- unwavering commitment, living up to expectations
- sacrifices are made out of love for the game and not out of money
explain ‘striving for distinction’ (2)
- constantly seeking improvement and perfection
- winning symbolises improvement and establishes distinction
explain ‘accepting risk and playing through pain’ (3)
- athletes do not give into the pressure, pain or fear
- don’t back down from challenges
- playing whilst injured
explain ‘refusing to accept limits’ (2)
- an athlete does not accept a situation without trying to change it, overcome it or beat the odds
- ignore external limits
what does Coakley 1992 suggest?
that there are 3 types of behaviour;
postive deviance
normal behaviour
negative deviance
what is meant by positive deviance?
actions are seen within the rules of the game and are simply in an attempt to win - their deviance is seen in a positive light. e.g. someone who played when injured
what is meant by negative deviance?
when a player or anyone involved behaves in a way that knowingly break the rules or ethics of the sport. e.g. using performance enhancing drugs
why is deviant behaviour on the increase? (3)
- commercialisation
- pressure
- win at all costs
what is the importance of fair play? (3)
- set a good example for younger generation
- uphold olympic values (respect; excellence; friendship)
- level playing field for all competitors
why is fair play in decline? (7)
- win at all costs attitude
- high stakes
- fame and fortune are available
- negative role models
- media sensationalise negative behaviour
- punishments are not severe enough
- professional sport is cut throat (pressure from coaches, managers and other players)
what might aggressive behaviour be caused by? (4)
- frustration
- social learning (imitating others)
- social facilitation (learned behaviour)
- innate
what are the 2 types of aggression?
define them
hostile - goal is to cause harm or injury and usually driven by emotion
instrumental - to achieve something, a particular goal and is usually planned
causes of violence in sport
- importance of result
- nature of the game
- disappointment or frustration
- crowd behaviour
- emotional intensity
- drugs
- retaliation or challenge
- pressure
- poor officiating
solutions to violence in sport
- severe penalties
- education
- greater number if authorities
- technology
- rule changes
- responsible media reporting
- better qualified officials
reasons for hooliganism amongst spectators
- alcohol/drugs
- racism
- poor crowd control
- results
- controversial decisions
- chanting and abuse from fans
- violence of players being copied
- pre match hype
- violent criminals
solutions to hooliganism amongst spectators
- responsible media coverage
- use of CCTV
- tougher deterrents
- separation of fans
- control of alcohol
- improve facilities - Taylor report
- improved policing
