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attitudes Flashcards

1
Q

how are attitudes formed? (6)

A
  • experiences
  • school
  • socialisation
  • culture
  • social class
  • media
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2
Q

define prejudice

A

a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

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3
Q

define stereotyping

A

a fixed, over generalised belief about a particular group or class of people

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4
Q

how can school form an attitude?

A
  • sport is used as a punishment which creates a negative attitude
  • creates opportunities - range of sports/participation and enjoyment
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5
Q

how can experiences form an attitude?

A
  • injury
  • success
  • positive experience = positive effect on attitude
  • negative experience = negative effect on attitude
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6
Q

how can socialisation form an attitude?

A
  • family
  • experiences of others
  • attitudes of other people
  • doing it with friends can create a positive attitude
  • sense of community
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7
Q

how can culture form an attitude?

A
  • stereotypes
  • countries involvement (banned sport)
  • women involvement
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8
Q

how can social class form an attitude?

A
  • confidence
  • acception
  • knowledge of sport (more knowledge = more confident attitude)
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9
Q

how can media form an attitude?

A
  • role models
  • how it’s portrayed online will affect your attitude towards it
  • amount of coverage
  • what the coverage is
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10
Q

what is the impact of a positive attitude?

A
  • increased participation
  • take more leadership roles
  • more competitive
  • view sport as essential and a factor of happiness (value sport)
  • positive attitude. towards other sports
  • believes sport promotes health
  • has a positive physical self concept
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11
Q

what is the impact of a negative attitude?

A
  • lower expectation
  • don’t care if you lose
  • see sport as ‘just a game’
  • don’t try
  • low self-efficacy
  • had negative experiences
  • find sport boring
  • have a lifestyle which makes regular sport difficult
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12
Q

what is the model called for attitudes?

A

triadic model

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13
Q

what are the 3 components of the triadic model?

A

affective
behavioural
cognitive

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14
Q

give an example affective

A

sport is boring

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15
Q

give an example of behavioural

A

don’t participate in any sport/avoid it

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16
Q

give an example of cognitive

A

don’t value sport/understand the need

17
Q

what are the 2 theories to change an attitude?

A
  1. cognitive dissonance theory
  2. persuasive combination theory
18
Q

explain cognitive dissonance theory

A

if 2 attitudes oppose each other it results in conflict. this produces emotional discomfort which is called dissonance. in order to change an attitude we need to create dissonance

19
Q

how do you change affective in CDT?

A

provide a positive new experience

20
Q

how do you change cognitive in CDT?

A

provide new knowledge or update knowledge

21
Q

how you change behavioural in CDT?

A
  • simplify a skill to make a higher chance of success
  • provide success and enjoyment
22
Q

explain persuasive communication theory

A

changing an attitude through persuasive communication. the message must be accurate, clear, easily understood and unambiguous

23
Q

what are the 4 key points to PCT?

A

persuader
message
recipient
situation

24
Q

examples of the persuader

A

significant other
role model
authoritative figure
parent/coach/teacher

25
Q

what must the message be?

A

positive to initiate change

26
Q

what must the recipient be?

A

open minded
willing to change

27
Q

what is included in the situation?

A

other persuaders to back up

28
Q

what are other strategies to change an attitude?

A
  • extrinsic rewards/tangible or intangible
  • use role models
  • experiences of others
  • create positive situations
  • punish negative attitudes
  • motivate
  • set goals
  • peer pressure
  • highlight benefits
  • give them a role/responsibility

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