attribution

Question 1

what is the attribution theory?

Answer 1

reasons a player gives in response to success or failure

Question 2

what is the model called?

Answer 2

Weiner

Question 3

what is the Weiner model?

Answer 3

stable and unstable
internal and external
luck, ability, effort, task difficulty

Question 4

examples of luck

Answer 4

referee decisions
coach
injuries
weather
team mate errors

Question 5

examples of ability

Answer 5

fatigue - fitness level
skill level

Question 6

examples of effort

Answer 6

communication
discipline
individual effort/motivation

Question 7

examples of task difficulty

Answer 7

opposition

Question 8

what do successful players attribute their performance to?
what is this called?

Answer 8

internal factors
self-serving bias

Question 9

what do unsuccessful players attribute their performance to?

Answer 9

external factors

Question 10

define learned helplessness

Answer 10

the belief that failure is inevitable

Question 11

what are the two types of learned helplessness?
what are they?

Answer 11

global - in all sports
specific - in 1 sport

Question 12

what are the characteristics of learned helplessness?

Answer 12

• no persistence or resilience
• give up easily and quickly
• think they can’t do it
• don’t try
• NAF - avoid challenge

Question 13

what are the causes of learned helplessness?

Answer 13

• lack of effort
• bad past experiences
• only do the basics
• poor performance
• lack of motivation given - no praise
• learnt behaviour
• feeling of not having control
• low skill level

Question 14

strategies to prevent learned helplessness

Answer 14

• simple task
• lots of praise
• role models with similar skill level
• attribute failure to external factors
• process not outcome focused

Question 15

define self confidence

Answer 15

a persons’s belief that they have the ability to meet the demands of the sport

Question 16

define self efficacy

Answer 16

specific to the situation - confidence in a specific sport

Question 17

what is attribution re training?

Answer 17

changing attributions from negative to positive thus increasing motivation

Question 18

what should a coach focus on during attribution re training?

Answer 18

• progress for the future
• learn what players tend to attribute performance to
• raise confidence
• refocus on task
• process goals instead of outcome goals
• promote participation
• convert avoidance behaviour into approach behaviour

Question 19

what are the dangers of attributing failure to internal factors?

Answer 19

• motivation issues
• low effort
• creates learned helplessness
• avoidance - NAF mindset