Ethics

Question 1

What event caused the development of research ethics

Answer 1

In WW2 Natzis made prisoners in concentration camps and jails participant in harmful studies. So the Nuremberg code was developed to protect participants

Question 2

Define research methods

Answer 2

The use and application of moral principles and practice in the context of research using human participants

Question 3

What are the risks of research x4

Answer 3

1. ) Physical harm
2. ) psychological harm
3. ) wasting participants time for no purpose
4. ) misinterpretation or misuse of research outcomes

Question 4

What are the benefits of research x3

Answer 4

1. ) Academic impact: building theory
2. ) real world impact: improve practice
3. ) personal benefit: insight into self and world

Question 5

What are the 4 principles in the BPS codes of research ethics

Answer 5

1. ) Respect the autonomy, privacy and dignity of individuals
2. ) Maximise benefit, minimise harm
3. ) Maintain scientific integrity
4. ) Maintain social responsibility

Question 6

What specific ethical considerations link to BPS principle respect to autonomy, privacy and dignity

Answer 6

1. ) Informed consent to participant
2. ) Freedom for coercion
3. ) Confidentiality
4. ) Anonymity
5. ) Debriefing

Question 7

Define confidentiality

Answer 7

Maintenance of participants privacy

Question 8

Define anonymity

Answer 8

Cant identify individuals for their responses

Question 9

What specific ethical consideration links to BPS principle maximising benefit, minimising harm

Answer 9

Minimise risk of physical and psychological harm

Question 10

What specific ethical consideration links to BPS principle scientific integrity

Answer 10

Contribution of knowledge and insight by making a novel contribution to theory, methodology or practice

Question 11

What specific ethical consideration links to BPS principle social responsibility

Answer 11

Avoid misuse or interpretation of results

Question 12

Define passive deception

Answer 12

Withholding full truth or key pieces of relevant information

Question 13

Define active deception

Answer 13

Intentionally misinforming participants about the true state of affairs in a study

Question 14

What are the ethical issues with deception x4

Answer 14

1. ) Violates the principle of fully informed consent
2. ) Participants may experience distress or shame that they were fooled
3. ) Participants may leave the study with misleading information (fake views of themselves, others or society)
4. ) Participants may mistrust the researcher or authority

Question 15

Why do we need to use deception sometimes x2

Answer 15

1. ) We want to study honest responses

2. ) Active deception helps to maximise researcher control and experimental realism by faking a real world event