Ethics

Question 1

Kant strength (7)

Answer 1

1. Encourages you to treat everyone with honesty and dignity
2. Provides a set moral compass, applicable at all times to all people
3. Encourages selflessness, rather than selfishness
4. If everyone followed these rules we truly would live in the Kingdom of
5. Ends- the perfect society.
6. Creates a trustworthy society
7. Could be perfect for a future of the rational society

Question 2

Kant weakness (5)

Answer 2

1. No advice when duties conflict
2. Doesn’t account for differences in use of duty
3. Doesn’t account for the outcome or the consequence of a particular action
4. Doesn’t consider personal circumstances of actions
   It only works if everyone follows these rules. Is that possible?
5. Does Kant rely too much on reason?

Question 3

Relativism is

Answer 3

What is right or wrong is not fixed but is dependant on situation or culture

Question 4

Teleological is

Answer 4

Goodness is determined by the outcome of an action

Question 5

Hedonistic is

Answer 5

Pleasure is true good that should be pursued

Question 6

Utility principle is

Answer 6

We should do whatever is useful in terms of increasing overall good and decreasing evil

Question 7

To evaluate Hedonic calculus

Answer 7

1. Intensity – How strong is the pleasure or pain that is involved?
2. Duration – How long will the pleasure or pain last?
3. Certainty – How sure are we that the anticipated pleasure or pain will
   occur?
4. Propinquity (Closeness, or proximity) – How soon will the pleasure or
5. Pain occurs?
6. Fecundity – How likely is it that the pain/pleasure will lead to further
   pain/pleasure?
7. Purity – How pure is the pleasure? Is it likely to result in pain further
   down the line?
8. Extent – How many people will be affected?

Question 7

Bentham main principle

Answer 7

1. Coined “Rule utilitarianism”
   2.Actions must be judged by their usefulness in promoting the greater happiness for the greater number of persons

Question 8

Hedonic calculus is:

Question 9

John Stuard Mill

Answer 9

1.Heavily influenced by Jeremy Bentham, refined Bentham’s ideas
2.Mill was educated by his father, James, a close associate of Bentham, and was raised as a strict Benthamite. However, as he matured, he recognised weakness in Bentham’s approach
3.One of his aims was to fix the hole in Bentham’s theory caused by Swine Ethics objection