Ethics

Question 1

What is the criteria for negligence?

Answer 1

The omission to do something which a reasonable person would do/ would not do.

Question 2

Which 4 conditions must be met in terms of balance of probability (in neglect cases to prove neglect)?

Answer 2

1. Dentist owed a duty of care
2. The duty was breached (standard of care)
3. The breach caused or materially contributed to damage (causation)
4. This damage was reasonably foreseeable and had negative consequences and effects

Question 3

What makes consent valid?

Answer 3

Specific to the proposed dental treatment
Was obtained recently
Remains current (pt still agrees)

Question 4

How is capacity assessed?

Answer 4

Act
Make reasoned decisions
Communicate decisions
Understand decision
Retain memory of the decision

Question 5

What is dental neglect?

Answer 5

Persistent failure to meet a child’s basic oral health needs

Question 6

What are the principles of legal consent?

Answer 6

Pt has ability to make informed decision
Informed
Voluntary

Question 7

What are the principles of the Adults with Incapacity Act 2000?

Answer 7

1. Must benefit pt
2. Minimum intervention
3. Present and past wishes of the adult
4. Consultation with he adult and others

Question 8

What is a power of attorney?

Answer 8

Person authorised by the Office of the public guardian if the pt has formally nominated someone prior to losing capacity.

Question 9

What is a welfare PoA?

Answer 9

Is for the care and personal needs of the adult (health care, clothing etc) - decided by adult while capable (only has effect when loses capacity)

Question 10

What is a continuing PoA?

Answer 10

For finance and property - no power to make a will for the adult or do anything not specified in prior agreement

Question 11

What is a guardianship order?

Answer 11

For continuous management of the adults welfare where there is no PoA

Question 12

What is a material risk?

Answer 12

a risk which a reasonable person in the patient’s position would be likely to attach significance to the risk

Question 13

What act governs capacity in Scotland?

Answer 13

Adults with incapacity act 2000

Question 14

How is capacity assessed ?

Answer 14

AMCUR

ability to:
act
make a decision
communicate decision
understand the decision
Ability to retain the decision

Question 15

What act protects people from discrimination?

Answer 15

Equality act 2010

Question 16

What are the 9 protected characteristics?

Answer 16

Age
Disability
Gender reassignment
Marriage or civil partnership
Race
Religion or belief
Sex
Sexual orientation

Question 17

What is the role of GDP for safeguarding adults?

Answer 17

Recognise - identify adult at risk
Respond - manage the acute situation and inform the other services
Record - document and report in detail the information obtained and the actions taken

Question 18

Who should u contact if there is an adult at risk (non urgent)?

Answer 18

Make contact to social services within 24 hours

Question 19

Who should u contact if there is an adult at risk (emergency situation)?

Answer 19

Contact police/ medical services

Question 20

What is the management of adult protection?

Answer 20

Removal - of adult at risk to a specified place when likelihood of harm if not removed

Assessment - private interview conducted/ private medical exam

Banning - bans the subject of the order from a specified place for up to 6 months. Can only be granted when adult at risk is likely to be harmed

Question 21

What are the 4 pillars of ethics?

Answer 21

Non maleficence
Beneficence
Justice
Pt autonomy

Question 22

How long should clinical records be kept for?

Answer 22

Minimum 3 years but ideally 11 years
Until age 25 for children

Question 23

What are the 6 factors of consent?

Answer 23

Informed
Valid
Capacity
Voluntary
Non-manipulative
Non-coerced