Ethics

Question 1

Justice

Answer 1

Justice is the practice of treating each patient fairly, no matter their race, age, gender, ethinicity, or language spoken.

Question 2

Nonmaleficence

Answer 2

Nonmaleficence is the concept of “do no harm” (prima non nocere). This concept is closely intertwined with the concept of weighing “risk versus benefits” of medications and procedures. The patient could not even communicate her concerns to the physician due to a language barrier, so she was unable to discuss benefits and risks of treatment.

Question 3

Autonomy

Answer 3

The principle of autonomy is that patients have the right to determine what does or does not happen to their body. This includes patients who are deemed competent, and still might refuse life-saving interventions. Ways in which patients are treat with autonomy is by preserving patient confidentiality, always telling the truth to patients, including disclosing medical errors, and providing informed consent prior to procedures.

Question 4

Summary

Answer 4

The doctor is providing a summary of what she has heard. A summary often occurs at the end of the session but can occur at other times as well.

Question 5

Facilitation

Answer 5

engaging in a response to encourage communication by the patient.

Question 6

Reinforcement

Answer 6

praising the patient for her comments, bravery, etc.

Question 7

Interpretation

Answer 7

analyzed the comments and come to an assessment or conclusion.

Question 8

Primacy of patient welfare

Answer 8

Patient welfare refers to what is the best outcome for the patient, what is in the patient’s health interest. This question also points out the fundamental ethical nature of medicine. Ethics in medicine does not only refer to ethical dilemmas in medicine. The physician makes a diagnosis and a therapeutic plan based on best-practices and evidence

Question 9

Answer 9

C