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Key Facts > Ethics > Flashcards

Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

In what way should M&Cs disseminate MNPI about Company A.

A

Encourage Company A to make a public announcement.

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2
Q

What should M&Cs do if public dissemination of MNPI is not possible

A

Provide the information to the supervisory and compliance department of his firm

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3
Q

What three criterions affect materiality?

A
  1. The source of information (reliability) - connections to insiders
  2. Anticipated effect on stock price etc.(ambiguity)
  3. Must stand on its own - not through mosaic theory
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4
Q

What must you not act on to maintain standard 2, integrity

A

Material non public information

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5
Q

When can material information be acted on

A

If its public

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6
Q

When can non public information be used

A

When it is not material

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7
Q

What must M&Cs do when compiling mosaic theory

A

Document and save all records

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8
Q

Give five procedures for compliance with standard 2, Integrity of Capital markets

A
  1. Achieve public dissemination
  2. Adopt reporting and disclosure policies
  3. Monitor interdepartmental communication and limit personal and proprietary trading
  4. Separate departments with Firewall and physical separation
  5. Written Policies and Guidance.
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9
Q

Give 4 elements of a firewall for Standard 2, Integrity of capital markets

A
  1. Review of employee and proprietary trading
  2. Control flow of information between departments through a clearance area
  3. Maintain lists to watch, restricted and rumour
  4. Documentation of procedures
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10
Q

Give 3 points that describe the standard for market manipulation

A
  1. Do not engage in practices that indirectly mislead participants (not misrep)
  2. Do not distort prices
  3. Do not distort volumes
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11
Q

Gives X points that distinguish information based manipulation from transaction based manipulation

A
  1. Spreading information that may induce trading by other (rumours etc)
  2. Manipulating prices by trading in ways that affect market for a security
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12
Q

Define ethics in two points

A
  1. Moral principles or rules.

2. Guide behaviour that affects others.

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13
Q

Describe the 6 components of the code of ethics

A

Mnemonic

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14
Q

Describe 7 components of sopc

A

Mnemonic

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15
Q

Give 4 components of professionalism

A

KIMM

  1. Knowledge of law
  2. Independence & objectivity
  3. Misrepresentation
  4. Misconduct
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16
Q

What are the two components of integrity of capital markets

A
  1. Material non public information

2. Market manipulation

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17
Q

What are the 5 components of duties to clients

A 
Loyalty, prudence and care
Fair dealing
Suitability
Performance presentation
Confidentiality
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18
Q

What are 3 components of duties to employer

A

Compensate LARS

  1. Loyalty
  2. Additional (compensation arrangements)
  3. Responsibility of Supervisors
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19
Q

What are the 3 components of Investment Analysis, Recommendations and Actions

A
  1. Diligence and reasonable basis
  2. Communications with clients and prospects
  3. Record retention
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20
Q

Identify the 3 components of conflicts of Interest standard

A
  1. Disclose conflicts
  2. Priority of transactions (clients first)
  3. Referral fees
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21
Q

Name the five principles of Professionslism (standard 1)

A

LIMMO

  1. LAW -Knowledge of the LAW
  2. Independence
  3. Misrepresentation
  4. Misconduct
  5. Objectivity

Independence & Objevtivity go together

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22
Q

Explain 5 issues of “Knowledge of the Law” standard

A
  1. Know laws, rules, regulations
  2. Stricter law or rule applies
  3. Violations -Do not participate or knowingly assist a violation
  4. Dissociate from violation
  5. Unless mandated no need to report to authorities
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23
Q

Give 4 points of guidance for M&Cs for knowledge of the law

A

FUCK

  1. Firm policies and procedures
  2. Understand laws & rules
  3. Comply will all laws
  4. Knowledge - maintain knowledge of all laws, rules, procedures for professional activities

policies

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24
Q

How do we know what law is applicable?

A

If it governs a M&C conduct

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25
Q

Give 2 steps to dissociate

Why is inaction risky?

A
  1. Persuade person to end intention to violate
  2. Bring to attention of supervisor or compliance department
  3. Inaction cannot be construed as participation or assistance
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26
Q

Give 3 elements of maintaining knowledge of the law

A
  1. Review the procedures
  2. Stay informed
  3. Maintain files of current laws and regulations etc.
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27
Q

Give 3 things M&Cs should do to support their firms for the Knowledge of Law Standard

A
  1. Develop or adopt a code of ethics
  2. Provide information about applicable laws
  3. Establish reporting procedures
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28
Q

Describe the Standard of Independence and Objectivity

A
  1. Reasonable care and judgement

2. Do not offer or accept compromising gifts, benefits, compensation.

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29
Q

Give 3 elements of enhanced firewall

A
  1. Separate reporting for research.
  2. Seperate reporting for investment banking.
  3. Compensation must not cause perverse incentives.
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30
Q

Describe due diligence in two points

A
  1. Information from a wide variety of sources.

2. Sufficient for an unbiased and informed conclusion.

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31
Q

Whp is the Duty of Loyalty owed to

A

1 Ultimate beneficiary and dependents.

  1. For a pension fund it is not the fund manager but the plan beneficiaries
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32
Q

To who is the Duty of loyalty owed in a takeover bid

A

The beneficiaries of the target firms pensuon plan

Not the target firms trustee or management

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33
Q

Give 3 issues raised by soft dollars

A
  1. Must benefit the client
  2. A higher brokerage commission must benefit the client
  3. Selection of broker must benefit the client
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34
Q

Use of Client brokerage has two other names, what are they?

A

Soft dollars

Soft commissions

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35
Q

List four procedures for compliance of the Independence and Objectivity standard

A

Protect the integrity of opinions

  1. Restricted list
  2. Restrict Gifts and special costs
  3. Independence Policy
  4. Have review procedures and review compliance issues
36
Q

Describe 3 things not to misrepresent within the Standard of Misrepresentation

A

RAP

Do not misrepresent:

  1. Recommendations
  2. Analysis
  3. Professional activities
37
Q

Describe 3 characteristics of “knowingly” in the standard of misrepresentation

A
  1. An action would have been different except for:
  2. There was a misrep they did or should have known
  3. There was an omission
38
Q

Describe 4 characteristics of plagiarism

A
  1. Copying or using materials
  2. Not acknowledging the source (reference)
  3. Not acknowledging the author and publisher
  4. Passing it off.
39
Q

List four procedures to comply with the Independence and Objectivity standard.

A
  1. Check external information
  2. Factual presentations
  3. Plagiarism policy
  4. Qualification summary
40
Q

Explain 4 steps to avoid plagiarism

A
  1. Copy all materials relied on.
  2. Credit the source of quotes, paraphrases
  3. Credit the source of methods and models
  4. Credit the source of projections, tables, statistics.
41
Q

Which 7 issues are within standard of Misconduct

A
  1. No professional misconduct involving
  2. Deceit
  3. Dishonesty
  4. Disrepute
  5. Fraud
  6. Lack of integrity
  7. Lack of competence
42
Q

Give four procedures to comply with standard of misconduct

A
  1. Adopt a code of ethics
  2. Disseminate a list of potential violations
  3. And associated disciplinary sanctions, including dismissal.
  4. Check references of potential employees
43
Q

Give 5 points that describe the Duty of Loyalty in Standard 3(A)

A
  1. Reasonable Care
  2. Prudent judgment
  3. Act for the benefit of their clients
  4. Place their clients’ interests before own interests
  5. Place their clients’ interests before their employers interests
44
Q

Explain directed brokerage

A

The client instructs manager to use client brokerage (soft dollars, soft commission) to purchase goods and services for the client

45
Q

Give 3 points that describe best execution

A
  1. A trading process that seeks to maximize the value of the client’s portfolio.
  2. Within the client’s stated investment objectives
  3. Within the client’s stated constraints.
46
Q

List 4 compliance procedures for the Loyalty, Prudence, and Care standard.

A
  1. Periodic performance reporting
  2. Periodic account information
  3. Seek client approval
  4. Follow firm policies
47
Q

Give 4 recommendations for how to report regular account information.

A
  1. At least quarterly, an itemized statement showing the client’s funds and securities in custody or possession and
  2. All the transactions that occurred during the period.
  3. State where assets are kept or moved to
  4. Keep client assets segregated
48
Q

Give 5 criteria for the standard of fair dealing

A
  1. Deal fairly
  2. Deal objectively

When providing:

  1. Investment analysis,
  2. Investment recommendations,
  3. Investment action and other professional activities.
49
Q

List 3 compliance procedures for the Fair Dealing standard

A

Disclose:

  1. Trade allocation procedures
  2. Service levels

And
3. Establish systematic account review

50
Q

List 5 compliance procedures for fair dealing

A
  1. Develop and document trade allocation procedures.

Publish guidelines for:

  1. Predissemination behavior and
  2. Simultaneous dissemination.
  3. Shorten the time frame between decision and dissemination.
  4. Maintain a list of clients and their holdings.
  5. Limit the number of people involved.
51
Q

Give 2 criteria for disclosing service levels

A
  1. Disclose different service levels and fee levels to all clients.
  2. Do not selectively disclose
52
Q

Give 3 reasons where client confidentiality does not need to be preserved

A
  1. The information concerns illegal activities on the part of the client;
  2. Disclosure is required by law; or
  3. The former client, client or prospective client permits disclosure of the information.
53
Q

What is the recommended frequency for reviewing investors objectives and constraints

A

Annually

54
Q

Give 7 reasons for triggering a review of an individuals IPS

A

Changes in the following:

  1. Number of dependents,
  2. Personal tax status,
  3. Health,
  4. Liquidity needs,
  5. Risk tolerance,
  6. Additional wealth beyond the portfolio
  7. Current income needs
55
Q

Give 3 reasons for triggering a review of an institution IPS

A
  1. Size of unfunded liabilities in a pension fund

2. Withdrawal privileges in an employee savings plan, 3. Distribution requirements of a charitable foundation.

56
Q

When must a candidate refuse to provide client information to the PCP

A

If the law requires confidentiality be maintained at all times (irrespective of consent)

57
Q

Who is the client of a sub manager of managed accounts?

A

The fund manager that gave the sub-manager the mandates

58
Q

Who is the client of a sub manager for a fund? Why?

A

The subscribers to the fund

The fund mandate is the “client”.

59
Q

What is primary research

A

Research carried out by yourself

60
Q

What is secondary research

A

Research by someone else but at your own firm

61
Q

What is 3rd party research

A

Research by someone external of the firm you work for

62
Q

What two standards must research meet

A

Objectivity

Reasonable basis

63
Q

What four things must you disclose to clients and prospects about your investment decisions

A
  1. Basic process
  2. Principles of investment
  3. Limitations
  4. Inherent risks
64
Q

When communicating external expert opinion that has a reasonable basis what other rule may be breached.

Why?

A

V(b) communication with clients

Failure to distinguish fact from opinion.

Expert opinion is not fact

65
Q

Give one step for compliance with ensuring secondary and third party research

A
  1. Develop policies ensuring adequate and reasonable basis forvresearch.
  2. Adopt standardized criteria for review and evaluation of external advisors
66
Q

What two broad class of confluct must be disclosed

A

Actual

Potential

67
Q

What 3 types of conflict is often created by sitting on a board

A
  1. Stocks, options
  2. Duties to clients vis a vis duties to shareholders of the company
  3. Receipt of MNPI (material non public information)
68
Q

What type of conlict is created by an underwriter

A

If it publishes research on the company it is an underwrite for

69
Q

What 3 types of family relationships constitute Material Beneficial Ownership

A
  1. Spouse
  2. Children
  3. Immediate family member that is dependent
70
Q

What is a “family account”

A

Tier 1 Relatives not living with you or otherwise dependent

Not material beneficial interest

They should not be advantaged or disadvantaged. Should be Tier 1 and allocated a pro rata amount

71
Q

What two classes of referral fees must be disclosed?

A

Internal (e.g. bonuses)

External

72
Q

What two groups must referral fees be disclosed to

A

Clients

Employer

73
Q

Give three ways a referral fee confers a benefit

A
  1. Cash
  2. Benefit in kind, quid pro quo
  3. Relationship (e.g. future or past business)
74
Q

Give 4 compluance procedures in addition to disclosure of policies for standard 6, disclosure of conflicts of interest

A
  1. Encourage employers to develop procedures for referral fees. Including:
    (A) Restrictions
    (B) Disclosure of fees to clients
  2. Disclose special arrangements as a Director
  3. Or departmental conflicts
  4. Restrictions and blackout periods for material beneficial ownership
75
Q

Give 4 examples of duty of loyalty to employer

A

HSBC

  1. Not cause Harm
  2. Not deprive the employer of their Skills
  3. Act for the Benefit of the employer
  4. Not divulge Confidential information
76
Q

What two should M&Cs tell employers about the C&S?

A
  1. It does not apply to enployers

2. Firm policies that do not conflict with the C&S increase workforce productivity

77
Q

What 3 activities are a violation when leaving or planning to leavecan employer

A
  1. Solicitation of clients
  2. Taking confidential information or trade secrets or research
  3. re-creating customer lists or using knowledge gained while at the employer if specifically prohibited by an agreement.
78
Q

What are the two main principles limiting additional compensation

A
  1. Must not compete with the employers interests

2. Must be agreed in advance with the employer

79
Q

What 2 actions are required for compliance with additional compensation arrangements

A
  1. Report to enployer everything expected to be received and for how long.
  2. The paying party confirms this to the employer in a way the employer can understand potential conflicts.
80
Q

What 3 things must supervisors make reasonable efforts to ensure conpliance with;

A
  1. Laws
  2. Rules & Regulations
  3. Code & Standards
81
Q

What 4 things should adequate procedures address

A
  1. Industry standards
  2. Regulatory requiremenrs
  3. Code & Standards
  4. Firms circumstances
82
Q

Give 5 goals for adequate employers compliance procedures

A
  1. Clear, easily understood procedures
  2. Easily accessible
  3. Designated compliance officer with authority and resources
  4. Describe supervision hierarchy and assignments
  5. Delineate reporting of violations.
83
Q

Give 5 goals for adequate employers compliance procedures

A
  1. Clear, easily understood procedures
  2. Easily accessible and Disseminated
  3. Designated compliance officer with authority and resources
  4. Describe supervision hierarchy and assignments
  5. Delineate reporting of violations.
84
Q

What 3 things should a supervisor do when discovering a violation

A
  1. Conduct an investigation
  2. Increase supervision / limitations on potential wrongdoer
  3. Make new procedures to prevent the violation in the future
85
Q

What must supervisors and managers disseminate to staff

A

Compliance policies

86
Q

What is the test for being a supervisor? What is not required?

A
  1. Control and influence

2. Formal appointment as supervisor

87
Q

Give 4 duties of supervisors concerning violations

A

Prevent
Monitor
Detect
Enforce

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