Ethical Research And Plagiarism Flashcards
Principles of ethics in research?
Ethics
Accountability
Integrity
Values
• All research in CMUL
and LUTH must be
reviewed by the _____________?
Human Research
Ethics Committee
(HREC)
The Tuskegee Study of ___________ in the ___________ [1] (informally referred to as the Tuskegee Experiment or Tuskegee Syphilis Study) was a study conducted between ________ and _______ by the __________________ and the _________________ on a group of nearly ________ African American men with syphilis.[2][3] The purpose of the study was to ____________________________ , though by the end of the study medical advancements meant it was entirely treatable. The men were (informed or not informed?) of the nature of the experiment, and more than _______ died as a result.
Untreated Syphilis ; Negro Male
1932 and 1972
United States Public Health Service (PHS)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); 400
observe the effects of the disease when untreated
Not informed ; 100
Tuskegee study
______ participants
_________ infected
________ control
___________ was the incentive
600
399
201
Free medical care
Tuskegee study
_____ patients had died directly from syphilis
________ died from complications related to syphilis
___________ of the patients’ wives were infected with syphilis
_________ children were born with congenital syphilis
28
100
40
19
Porton Down scandal is a series of allegations of unethical human experimentation at the _____’s secret ____________ and _________________________ research facility
UK
chemical and biological weapons
Porton down
Death of Leading Aircraftman Ronald Maddison
In 1953, Maddison died after participating in a test where ____________ was applied to his arm.
Treatment of veterans
Ex-servicemen who participated in tests at Porton Down have complained of ________ and ___________ problems.
Animal experiments
Animal Aid has highlighted that many experiments at Porton Down are carried out on animals, including monkeys, mice, and pigs.
sarin nerve agent
breathing and kidney
Porton down
Porton Down has been the site of _________ tests on humans longer than any other place in the world. The facility was established in ________ , and since then, over ________ servicemen have taken part in experiments
chemical warfare
1916
25,000
Nazi human experimentation was a series of medical experiments on prisoners by Nazi Germany in its concentration camps mainly between _______ and _______. There were ________ documented victims, of various nationalities and age groups, although the true number is believed to be more extensive. Many survived, with a _________ of documented victims being killed. Survivors generally experienced severe permanent injuries.
1942 and 1945
15,754
quarter
After the war, these crimes were tried at what became known as the ________’ Trial, and revulsion at the abuses perpetrated led to the development of the ___________ Code of medical ethics. The Nazi physicians in the Doctors’ Trial argued that military necessity justified their experiments and compared their victims to collateral damage from Allied bombings.
Doctors
Nuremberg
The Nuremberg trials – Nazi medical experimentation
•______________ (1964)
•________________ (1947)
The Belmont Report – (______)
Helsinki Declaration
Nuremberg Code
1979
Research misconduct
• No _____________
• _________ of _________
• Data _________
• Data _________
• Image _________
• No permission granted for
data/information use
• _________ concerns
•_________ of safety protocols
• Cruelty in _________ used for research
• No informed consent
• Conflicts of interest
• Data fabrication
• Data falsification
• Image manipulation
• Safety concerns
• Non-disclosure of safety protocols
• Cruelty in animals used for research
The Belmont report:
3 core principles?
Respect for persons
Beneficence
Justice
Plagiarism Is ??
•___________________________
• or Copying someone’s research idea published elsewhere without __________
•___________________ of someone’s research paper (even if not published already)
• Copying and pasting others’ work without giving ______________
Reporting someone’s work as your own
giving credit
Claiming authorship; due recognition
2 popular reference managers?
Mendeley
Zotero
