Ethical Issues in Sport

Question 1

Deviance in Sport

Answer 1

Behaviour which goes against the norms and values of the society. It is often illegal or against the rules set by the sports governing body.

Examples in Sport
Taking performance enhancing drugs
Violence in sport
Cheating to win

Question 2

Reasons for Violence in Sport

Answer 2

Instinctive response to others - abuse or provocation
Frustration
Lack of discipline in the sport - copy behaviour of role models
Emotional Intensity (anger)
Nature of the game

Question 3

Strategies for controlling aggression in sport

Answer 3

Focussing on performance to channel aggression
Avoiding situations that may cause  aggression
Copy non aggressive role models
Substitution
Punishment
Praise
Recognising responsibility
Anger management
Breathing exercises

Question 4

Sportsmanship

Answer 4

Fairplay and behaviour that follows the rules and unwritten rules of the sport. Eg shaking hands even if you lose

Question 5

Sportsmanship examples

Answer 5

Shaking hands after a match
Kicking the ball out of play if someone is injured
Not arguing with a referee
Thank official after a game
Never swear/be abusive
Do not stretch/bend rules to your advantage
Always sticking to the rules
Lose gracefully/congratulate opponents who beat you
If you hurt someone then showing concern
Sharing resources/facilities/equipment
Do not over-celebrate when you win/do not show arrogance

Question 6

Gamesmanship

Answer 6

Bending the rules to gain an unfair advantage over an opponent.
Eg. Tying up your shoe laces to slow down an opponents serve in tennis.

Question 7

Performance enhancing drugs Anabolic steroids

Answer 7

Enable athletes to train harder and recover more quickly, which allows quicker muscle growth than just training
Can help increase strength, speed and stamina.
Side effects include; liver and kidney disease, high blood pressure, severe acne and aggression
They also risk being banned/disqualified.
Athletes may feel guilty, feel they need them to win
Used by a wide range of athletes who want to gain muscle quickly especially track athletes

Question 8

Performance Enhancing Drugs Stimulants

Answer 8

Drugs such as amphetamine or caffeine which increase heart rate allowing more blood to get to muscles.
Also makes you more alert increase concentration
Used by a wide range of athletes, skiers, track athletes, swimmers.
Side effects include addiction, heart problems, agitation, sleeplessness.
They also risk being banned/disqualified.
Athletes may feel guilty, feel they need them to win

Question 9

Performance Enhancing Drugs Beta Blockers

Answer 9

Prescription drug usually used to treat high blood pressure
Slows down heart rate and makes athlete calm.
Could be used by athletes to maintain a steady aim eg pistol shooting, archery golf.
Side effects are nausea, dizziness, heart flutters.

Question 10

Reason for Prohibition of Performance Enhancing Drugs

Answer 10

Can cause serious side effects and damage health of athlete
To make it a fair competition
Some mask pain and so cause further damage to injuries
Some are addictive
Some are illegal by law

Question 11

World Anti Doping Agency (|WADA)

Answer 11

WADA test blood and urine samples to help deter people from using them and catch people cheating.

Governing bodies all issue their own sanctions.