Ethical Issues- history and archaeology Flashcards

1
Q

What is heritage?

A

things passed down through generations that give sense of identity and belonging.
value ppl or culture places on the past

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2
Q

4 groups of owners of heritage:

A
  1. Family heritage
  2. Community Heritage
  3. National
  4. international

Dispute arise when beyond family heritage

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3
Q

Ownership?

A

can be legal or moral
in past, it was personal property for treasure hunters and archaeologists who fund artefacts, but now laws prevents artefacts from leaving country/origin
can be acquired legally but sometimes make way to black market

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4
Q

Why is issue of cultural ownership imp. today?

A

many countries lost valuable antiquities and have appealed for return, most unsuccessful eg. Parthenon Marbles.

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5
Q

cultural property?

A

ownership of arch. monuments, sites and artfacts

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6
Q

Parthenon marble:

A

Marbles shipped to Britain but Greek Gov want it back now at the beginning of the 19th century

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7
Q

Arguments for return of Parthenon marbles?

A
  • integral part of Parthenon and found in Greece

- needed to restore continuity and integrity of monuments

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8
Q

Arguments by British Museum:

A
  • if not moved, would have been damaged (rain=erode)
  • acquired worldwide significance, not just Greek. Now part of European heritage
  • been in London longer than modern state of Greece has been existance
  • viewed by millions of people each year = more knowledge spread
  • best place to be in is the British Museum
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9
Q

Role of Museums:

A

Those who administer past are keepers/custodians, responsible for upkeep and preservation
Administrators present the past and interpret for general public
Museums are the main repositories of the the past

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10
Q

ROle of Administrators:

A
  • select items from collection for display
  • arrange way in which displayed
  • give context of item, description/narrative
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11
Q

ROle of Administrators/curators (need to be ethical?):

A
  • select items from collection for display
  • arrange way in which displayed
  • give context of item, description/narrative
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12
Q

Why is the process of presenting past controversial?

A

different views/perspectives
political and economic dimensions
promote political policy or perspective
sponsorship by big business can influence nature of exhibit.

presentation of gender and ethnic issues also controversial

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13
Q

Example of Musuem controversy:

A

Aus NAtional Museum: present the past of Aus as being good or bad.

1: Triumphalists believe Aus history full of achievements since European settlement
2: Black armband group argues not good. European treatment of Aborigines

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14
Q

Who preseves the past?

A

Archaeological sites are living museums. Administrators of archeological sites have to make decisions about management of site, including preservation, conservation and presentation to public.

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15
Q

What is a major issue of maintaing sites?

A

cost

developing nations lack resources to adequately maintain and preserve site

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16
Q

What sites are in danger?

A

sites that have been excavated, exposed to natural forces, humans etc need help. Also those in developing nations
eg. Parthenon